Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually develops in patients with chronic liver disease, those accompanied by cirrhosis in particular. Ultrasonography (US) and tumor marker tests play important roles in HCC surveillance in patients with chronic liver disease and are widely used. The primary prevention of HCV-related HCC includes strategies for the prevention of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and for viral eradication. Regarding the former, novel HCV transmission in the general population has been declining in many countries, as evidenced by the lower prevalence of HCV infection among younger generations. In the recent progress of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) against HCV, interferon (IFN)-free treatments are now available for compensated or decompensated cirrhosis and their effect on the prevention should be further investigated. The possibility of curative treatment depends on both tumor stage and liver function. Effective treatments for HCC include percutaneous ablation, surgical resection, and liver transplantation. Both percutaneous ablation and surgical resection provide a high rate of complete responses and are assumed to improve survival that should exceed 50 % at 5 years. Liver transplantation shows a better survival rate and is not contraindicated by advanced liver dysfunction. However, its application is limited by the scarcity of donor organs. Although short-term prognosis of HCC patients has been much improved recently due to advances in early diagnosis and treatment, long-term prognosis is as yet far from satisfactory due to frequent recurrence. Prevention of HCC recurrence remains as one of the most challenging tasks in current hepatology.
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Abbreviations
- HCC:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- HBV:
-
Hepatitis B virus
- HCV:
-
Hepatitis C virus
- HIV:
-
Human immunodeficiency virus
- IFN:
-
Interferon
- UTRs:
-
Untranslated lesions
- ALT:
-
Alanine aminotransferase
- NS:
-
Nonstructural
- DAA:
-
Direct-acting antiviral
- SVR:
-
Sustained virologic rate
- US:
-
Ultrasonography
- CT:
-
Computed tomography
- NASH:
-
Nonalcohlolic steatohepatitis
- AST:
-
Aspartate aminotransferase
- MDCT:
-
Multi-detector computed tomography
- AFP:
-
Alpha fetoprotein
- HGF:
-
Hepatocyte growth factor
- IGF-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor
- SUV:
-
Standardized uptake value
- QALY:
-
Quality-adjusted life-year
- DCP:
-
Des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin
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Masuzaki, R., Kanda, T., Yoshida, H., Kato, N., Omata, M. (2016). Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Carr, B. (eds) Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Current Clinical Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34214-6_17
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