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The mTOR Complexes in Cancer Cell Metabolism

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PI3K-mTOR in Cancer and Cancer Therapy

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Abstract

Cells metabolize nutrients to generate energy and building materials for growth and proliferation. In highly proliferating cells, such as cancer cells, there is an increased demand for nutrients with concomitant rerouting of metabolic pathways in favor of biosynthetic processes. This rewiring is accomplished by cross talk between growth signaling and metabolic pathways. At the hub of these pathways is the mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a protein kinase that senses nutrients and growth signals. mTOR forms two protein complexes, termed mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2, by partnering with distinct proteins. Several studies strongly support a central role for mTORC1 in metabolic reprogramming but there is also emerging evidence for mTORC2 involvement in this process. This review focuses on the role of both complexes in different metabolic and biosynthetic processes in which they have been linked so far, with special emphasis on the role of mTORCs in cancer metabolic reprogramming. We also discuss the clinical relevance of targeting mTOR and metabolic pathways for cancer therapy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the NJ Commission on Cancer Research (TL), NIH (GM079176 and CA154674) and AACR/Stand Up to Cancer-Innovative Research Grant (IRG0311) (EJ). Stand Up to Cancer is a program of the Entertainment Industry Foundation administered by the American Association for Cancer Research.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 683 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA

    Thomas Lynch, Joseph G. Moloughney & Estela Jacinto

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  2. Joseph G. Moloughney
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Correspondence to Estela Jacinto .

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  1. Oncology, Head of Cancer Biology, Avera Cancer Instit Center for Precision, SIOUX FALLS, South Dakota, USA

    Nandini Dey

  2. Oncology, Head of Translational Oncology, Avera Cancer Institute Center for Preci, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA

    Pradip De

  3. Precision Oncology,, Avera Cancer Institute Center for, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA

    Brian Leyland-Jones

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Lynch, T., Moloughney, J.G., Jacinto, E. (2016). The mTOR Complexes in Cancer Cell Metabolism. In: Dey, N., De, P., Leyland-Jones, B. (eds) PI3K-mTOR in Cancer and Cancer Therapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34211-5_2

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