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Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine pp 299–317Cite as

Recognition of RNA Sequence and Structure by Duplex and Triplex Formation: Targeting miRNA and Pre-miRNA

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Part of the book series: RNA Technologies ((RNATECHN))

Abstract

RNAs form complex structures containing both single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) regions for their diverse regulatory and catalytic functions. The emerging RNA sequence and structure databases provide the foundation for developing RNA-binding ligands for reprogramming RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions through the recognition of RNA sequence and structure. We choose miRNA biogenesis and gene regulation pathways as examples to summarize how chemically modified nucleic acid oligomers can be used to target specific RNA sequences and structures through duplex and triplex formation. We discuss the significant progress that has been made in using anti-miRNA oligonucleotides in targeting mature miRNA by duplex formation. The strategy of targeting dsRNA by triplex formation is relatively less explored. We summarize the recent results of developing nucleobase and backbone modifications in peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to facilitate structure-specific and selective targeting of dsRNAs over ssRNA and dsDNA at physiological conditions. We briefly discuss how sequence-specific dsRNA-binding PNAs may be utilized to target disease-associated miRNA precursors and viral RNAs.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof Mike Gait, Prof Xavier Roca, Prof Ding Xiang Liu, Prof Sek-Man Wong, Dr Jiazi Tan, and Prof Souvik Maiti and his group members for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 2 research grants MOE2013-T2-2-024 and MOE2015-T2-1-028 to GC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore

    Kiran M. Patil & Gang Chen

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  1. Kiran M. Patil
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  2. Gang Chen
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Correspondence to Gang Chen .

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  1. Nanobiomedical Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland

    Stefan Jurga

  2. Formerly at Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Volker A. Erdmann (Deceased)

  3. Institute of the Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland

    Jan Barciszewski

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Patil, K.M., Chen, G. (2016). Recognition of RNA Sequence and Structure by Duplex and Triplex Formation: Targeting miRNA and Pre-miRNA. In: Jurga, S., Erdmann (Deceased), V., Barciszewski, J. (eds) Modified Nucleic Acids in Biology and Medicine. RNA Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34175-0_13

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