Skip to main content

CRISPR/Cas9 and the Paradigm Shift in Mouse Genome Manipulation Technologies

Abstract

The CRISPR revolution that began in 2013 has been adopted and embraced by many researchers worldwide, including the mouse molecular genetics community. CRISPR represents one of only a few radical and transformative shifts in transgenic technologies over the past 30 years. This chapter discusses the paradigm shift that CRISPR technology has brought about in the field of mouse genome editing.

Keywords

  • Transgenic
  • Knockout
  • Knock-in
  • Genome editing
  • CRISPR/Cas9
  • Mouse genome
  • Microinjection

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Behringer R, Gertsenstein M, Nagy KV, Nagy A. Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor: CSHL Press; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Haruyama N, Cho A, Kulkarni AB. Overview: engineering transgenic constructs and mice. Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2009;Chap. 19:Unit 19.10.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Garrick D, Fiering S, Martin DI, Whitelaw E. Repeat-induced gene silencing in mammals. Nat Genet. 1998;18:56–9.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Sato M, Kimura M, Inoko H, Gurumurthy CB. PITT: pronuclear injection-based targeted transgenesis, a reliable transgene expression method in mice. Exp Anim. 2012;61:489–502.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hall B, Limaye A, Kulkarni AB. Overview: generation of gene knockout mice. Curr Protoc Cell Biol. 2009;Chap. 19:Unit 19.12 19.12.1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Gurumurthy CB, Joshi PS, Kurz SG, Ohtsuka M, Quadros RM, Harms DW, Lloyd KCK. Validation of simple sequence length polymorphism regions of commonly used mouse strains for marker assisted speed congenics screening. Int J Genomics. 2015;2015:735845.

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Peng Y, Clark KJ, Campbell JM, Panetta MR, Guo Y, Ekker SC. Making designer mutants in model organisms. Development. 2014;141:4042–54.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Ohtsuka M, Ogiwara S, Miura H, Mizutani A, Warita T, Sato M, Imai K, Hozumi K, Sato T, Tanaka M, Kimura M, Inoko H. Pronuclear injection-based mouse targeted transgenesis for reproducible and highly efficient transgene expression. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38, e198.

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Ohtsuka M, Miura H, Mochida K, Hirose M, Hasegawa A, Ogura A, Mizutani R, Kimura M, Isotani A, Ikawa M, Sato M, Gurumurthy CB. One-step generation of multiple transgenic mouse lines using an improved Pronuclear Injection-based Targeted Transgenesis (i-PITT). BMC Genomics. 2015;16:274.

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Kaneko T, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Mashimo T. Simple knockout by electroporation of engineered endonucleases into intact rat embryos. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6382.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaneko T, Mashimo T. Simple genome editing of rodent intact embryos by electroporation. PLoS One. 2015;10, e0142755.

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Hashimoto M, Takemoto T. Electroporation enables the efficient mRNA delivery into the mouse zygotes and facilitates CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11315.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Takahashi G, Gurumurthy CB, Wada K, Miura H, Sato M, Ohtsuka M. GONAD: genome-editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery system: a novel microinjection independent genome engineering method in mice. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11406.

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Skarnes WC. Is mouse embryonic stem cell technology obsolete? Genome Biol. 2015;16:109.

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Pettitt SJ, Liang Q, Rairdan XY, Moran JL, Prosser HM, Beier DR, Lloyd KC, Bradley A, Skarnes WC. Agouti C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells for mouse genetic resources. Nat Methods. 2009;6:493–5.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F, Jaenisch R. One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell. 2013;153:910–8.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Yu Y, Bradley A. Mouse genomic technologies: engineering chromosomal rearrangements in mice. Nat Rev Genet. 2001;2:780–90.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Scheer N, Kapelyukh Y, Chatham L, Rode A, Buechel S, Wolf CR. Generation and characterization of novel cytochrome P450 Cyp2c gene cluster knockout and CYP2C9 humanized mouse lines. Mol Pharmacol. 2012;82:1022–9.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Yoshimi K, Kunihiro Y, Kaneko T, Nagahora H, Voigt B, Mashimo T. ssODN-mediated knock-in with CRISPR-Cas for large genomic regions in zygotes. Nat Commun. 2016;7:10431.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Horii T, Arai Y, Yamazaki M, Morita S, Kimura M, Itoh M, Abe Y, Hatada I. Validation of microinjection methods for generating knockout mice by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Sci Rep. 2014;4:4513.

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gurumurthy CB, Takahashi G, Wada K, Miura H, Sato M, Ohtsuka M. GONAD: a novel CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method that does not require ex vivo handling of embryos. Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2016;88:15.8.1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sato M, Ohtsuka M, Watanabe S, Gurumurthy CB. Nucleic acids delivery methods for genome editing in zygotes and embryos: the old, the new, and the old-new. Biol Direct. 2016;11(1):16.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lee AY, Lloyd KCK. Conditional targeting of Ispd using paired Cas9 nickase and a single DNA template in mice. FEBS Open Bio. 2014;4:637–42.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Yang H, Wang H, Shivalila CS, Cheng AW, Shi L, Jaenisch R. One-step generation of mice carrying reporter and conditional alleles by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell. 2013;154:1370–9.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Fu Y, Foden JA, Khayter C, Maeder ML, Reyon D, Joung JK, Sander JD. High-frequency off-target mutagenesis induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in human cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2013;31:822–6.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Pattanayak V, Lin S, Guilinger JP, Ma E, Doudna JA, Liu DR. High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity. Nat Biotechnol. 2013;31:839–43.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Ran FA, Hsu PD, Lin C-Y, Gootenberg JS, Konermann S, Trevino AE, Scott DA, Inoue A, Matoba S, Zhang Y, Zhang F. Double nicking by RNA-guided CRISPR Cas9 for enhanced genome editing specificity. Cell. 2013;154:1380–9.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Shen B, Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhou J, Wang J, Chen L, Wang L, Hodgkins A, Iyer V, Huang X, Skarnes WC. Efficient genome modification by CRISPR-Cas9 nickase with minimal off-target effects. Nat Methods. 2014;11:399–402.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Iyer V, Shen B, Zhang W, Hodgkins A, Keane T, Huang X, Skarnes WC. Off-target mutations are rare in Cas9-modified mice. Nat Methods. 2015;12:479.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Harms DW, Quadros RM, Seruggia D, Ohtsuka M, Takahashi G, Montoliu L, Gurumurthy CB. Mouse genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system. Curr Protoc Hum Genet. 2014;83:15.7.1–27.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  31. Aida T, Chiyo K, Usami T, Ishikubo H, Imahashi R, Wada Y, Tanaka KF, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K. Cloning-free CRISPR/Cas system facilitates functional cassette knock-in in mice. Genome Biol. 2015;16:87.

    CrossRef  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Zetsche B, Gootenberg JS, Abudayyeh OO, Slaymaker IM, Makarova KS, Essletzbichler P, Volz SE, Joung J, van der Oost J, Regev A, Koonin EV, Zhang F. Cpf1 Is a single RNA-guided endonuclease of a class 2 CRISPR-Cas system. Cell. 2015;163:759–71.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Shmakov S, Abudayyeh OO, Makarova KS, Wolf YI, Gootenberg JS, Semenova E, Minakhin L, Joung J, Konermann S, Severinov K, Zhang F, Koonin EV. Discovery and functional characterization of diverse class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems. Mol Cell. 2015;60:385–97.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Nakade S, Tsubota T, Sakane Y, Kume S, Sakamoto N, Obara M, Daimon T, Sezutsu H, Yamamoto T, Sakuma T, Suzuki KT. Microhomology-mediated end-joining-dependent integration of donor DNA in cells and animals using TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5560.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Quadros RM, Harms DW, Ohtsuka M, Gurumurthy CB. Insertion of sequences at the original provirus integration site of mouse ROSA26 locus using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. FEBS Open Bio. 2015;5:191–7.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Miura H, Gurumurthy CB, Sato T, Sato M, Ohtsuka M. CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of knockdown mice by intronic insertion of artificial microRNA using longer single-stranded DNA. Sci Rep. 2015;5:12799.

    CrossRef  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

C.B.G. acknowledges funding support by the NIH grants: Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from the National Institutes for General Medical Sciences grant number P20GM103471 (NIGMS) and NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (ORIP) grant number R24OD018546 (ORIP/DPCPSI). M.O. acknowledges the funding support by the 2014 Tokai University School of Medicine Research Aid and Grant-in-Aid for challenging Exploratory Research (15 K14371) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy or Masato Ohtsuka .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gurumurthy, C.B., Quadros, R.M., Sato, M., Mashimo, T., Lloyd, K.C.K., Ohtsuka, M. (2016). CRISPR/Cas9 and the Paradigm Shift in Mouse Genome Manipulation Technologies. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Genome Editing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34148-4_4

Download citation