Abstract
This chapter explores the debates over the legal classification of the body and of bodily material. It argues that the choice of legal classification symbolises a particular vision of the biological nature of the body and the legitimacy of interests in the body. It argues that treating the body as property would symbolise an image of the body as a static, self-contained and independent entity. This image would itself be a symbol that would give significance to the individualised values of autonomy, privacy and bodily integrity. This chapter claims that in fact bodies are mutable, interdependent and leaky. We need to recognise the communal and relational values in bodies, as well as the interests that the individual has in the body. This would support rejecting the property model in favour of a more flexible approach that recognises the range of different interests that can be claimed in relation to different body parts in different situations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
- 2.
See, for example, the support of a majority for a property approach among of contributors to Goold et al. (2014).
- 3.
I first heard this phrase in a lecture given by Jesse Wall and am grateful for his permission to use it.
References
Alghrani, Amel, and John Harris. 2006. Reproductive liberty. Should the foundation of families be regulated? Child and Family Law Quarterly 18: 191–212.
Boddington, Paula, and Ulla Raisanen. 2009. Theoretical and practical issues in the definition of health. Insights from Aboriginal Australia. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 34: 49–62.
Chau, P.-L., and Jonathan Herring. 2014. Interconnected, inhabited and insecure. Why bodies should not be property. Journal of Medical Ethics 44: 39–44.
Dickinson, Donna. 2013. Me medicine vs. we medicine. Reclaiming biotechnology for the common good. New York: Columbia University Press.
Feder Kittay, Eva. 1999. Love’s labour. Essays on women, equality and dependency. Abingdon: Routledge.
Fineman, Martha. 2004. The autonomy myth. New York: New Press.
Fineman, Martha. 2011. The vulnerable subject. Anchoring equality in the human condition. In Transcending the boundaries of law. Generations of feminism and legal theory, ed. M. Fineman, 167–183. Abingdon: Routledge.
Fletcher, Joseph. 1979. Humanhood. Essays in biomedical ethics. Buffalo: Prometheus Books.
Foster, Charles. 2009. Choosing life, choosing death. Oxford: Hart.
Foster, Charles. 2014. Dignity and the use of body parts. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 44–49.
Foster, Charles, and Jonathan Herring. 2014. What is health? In Law and global health, ed. Freeman Michael, Hawkes Sarah, and Bennett Belinda. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Frazer, Elizabeth, and Nicola Lacey. 1993. The politics of community. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Gergen, Kenneth. 2011. Relational being. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Goold, Imogen. 2013. Property or not property? The spectrum of approaches to regulating the use of human bodily material. Journal of Law and Medicine 21: 299–313.
Goold, Imogen, Kate Greasley, Jonathan Herring, and Loane Skene (eds.). 2014. Persons, parts and property. Oxford: Hart.
Hardcastle, Rohan. 2007. Law and the human body. Oxford: Hart.
Herring, Jonathan. 2013. Caring and the law. Oxford: Hart.
Herring, Jonathan. 2014. Why we need a statute for bodily material. In Persons, parts and property, ed. Goold Imogen, Greasley Kate, Herring Jonathan, and Skene Loane. Hart: Oxford.
Herring, Jonathan, and P.-L. Chau. 2007. My body, your body, our bodies. Medical Law Review 15: 34–53.
Herring, Jonathan, and P.-L. Chau. 2013. Relational bodies. Journal of Law and Medicine 29: 214–225.
Huxtable, Richard, and Julie Woodley. 2005. Gaining face or losing face? Framing the debate on face transplants. Bioethics 19: 505–531.
Irigaray, Luce. 1993. An ethics of sexual difference. New York: Cornell University Press.
Karpin, Isabel. 2005. Genetics and the legal conception of self. In Ethics of the body, ed. Margrit Shildrick and Roxanne Mykitiuk, 2005. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Katz, Larissa. 2008. Exclusion and exclusivity in property law. University of Toronto Law Journal 58: 275–332.
Levy, Traci. 2006. The relational self and the right to give care. New Political Science 28: 547–563.
Lind, Craig. 2006. Evans v United Kingdom – judgments of Solomon. Power, gender and procreation. Child and Family Law Quarterly 18: 576–593.
Lindemann, Kate. 2003. The ethics of receiving. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 24: 501–523.
Macallan, D., C. Fullerton, R. Neese, K. Haddock, S. Park, and M. Hellerstein. 1998. Measurement of cell proliferation by labelling of DNA with stable isotope-labelled glucose. Studies in vitro, in animals and in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 95:708–718.
Maclean, Mavis. 2001. Letting go. Retention of human material after post mortem. In Body lore and laws, ed. Bainham Andrew, Sclater Shelley Day, and Richards Martin. Oxford: Hart.
Quigley, Muireann. 2009. Property. The future of human tissue? Medical Law Review 17: 457–476.
Quigley, Muireann. 2012. Property in human biomaterials—Separating persons and things? Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 32: 65–88.
Sheach-Leith, Valerie. 2007. Consent and nothing but consent? The organ retention scandal. Sociology of Health and Illness 29: 1023–1039.
Shildrick, Margrit. 1997. Leaky bodies and boundaries. Feminism, postmodernism and (Bio)ethics. Abingdon: Routledge.
Shildrick, Margrit, and Roxanne Mykitiuk (eds.). 2005. Ethics of the body. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Skene, Loane. 2002. Proprietary rights in human bodies, body parts and tissue. Regulatory contexts and proposals for new laws. Legal Studies 22: 102–128.
Van Beers, Britta. 2014. Is Europe ‘giving in to baby markets?’ Reproductive tourism in europe and the gradual erosion of existing legal limits to reproductive markets. Medical Law Review. doi:10.1093/medlaw/fwu016.
Wall, Jesse. 2011. The legal status of body parts. A framework. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 31: 783–802.
Wall, Jesse. 2014. The trespasses of property law. Journal of Medical Ethics 40: 19–25.
West, Robin. 1997. Caring for justice. New York: New York University Press.
Whitney, Shiloh. 2011. Dependency relations. Corporeal vulnerability and norms of personhood in Hobbes and Kittay. Hypatia 26: 544–567.
Young, Alan, and John Hay. 1995. Rapid turnover of the recirculating lymphocyte pool in vivo. International Immunology 7: 1607–1612.
Cases
Evans v UK. 2006. 43 EHRR 21.
R v Kelly. 1998. 3 All ER 741.
Warren v Care Fertility (Northampton) Limited. 2014. EWHC 602 (Fam).
Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust. 2009. EWCA Civ 37.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Herring, J. (2016). The Law and the Symbolic Value of the Body. In: van Klink, B., van Beers, B., Poort, L. (eds) Symbolic Legislation Theory and Developments in Biolaw. Legisprudence Library, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33365-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33365-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-33363-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-33365-6
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)