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Principles of Adult Surgical Critical Care pp 295–312Cite as

Anemia in the Surgical ICU

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Abstract

Anemia is common in critically ill and it is associated with worsening of outcomes and increased risk of transfusion. Various compensatory mechanisms are activated to mitigate the negative effects of reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in anemia, but these adaptations have limits and as the limits are reached, tissue oxygen delivery will no longer be adequate to meet the demand and ischemia and tissue injury may occur. Anemia is often multifactorial and in critically ill patients, it can be caused by blood loss, impaired erythropoiesis, and reduced life span of red blood cells, iron deficiency (absolute or functional), and hemodilution. Various management strategies are available to address these etiologies. Given the risks of transfusion, allogeneic blood should be used judiciously and only when clearly indicated and alongside other management and preventive strategies to reduce unnecessary and avoidable transfusions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center, Englewood, NJ, 07631, USA

    Aryeh Shander MD & Margit Kaufman MD

  2. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Lena M. Napolitano MD

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  1. Aryeh Shander MD
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  2. Lena M. Napolitano MD
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  3. Margit Kaufman MD
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Correspondence to Aryeh Shander MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Niels D. Martin

  2. Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Lewis J. Kaplan

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Shander, A., Napolitano, L.M., Kaufman, M. (2016). Anemia in the Surgical ICU. In: Martin, N.D., Kaplan, L.J. (eds) Principles of Adult Surgical Critical Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33341-0_25

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