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Long-Distance Movement of Viruses in Plants

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Current Research Topics in Plant Virology

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Abstract

Plant viruses are obligate, biotrophic parasites that live in the symplastic space of their hosts. After invading the host plant, viruses begin to multiply in the initially penetrated cells by establishing specific interactions between viral factors and macromolecules, structures, and processes of the host plant. Viruses then spread throughout the plant not only by moving from cell to cell through plasmodesmata, but also by moving long distance through the vascular system, usually through the phloem, to establish systemic infection. The short-distance cell-to-cell movement requires modification of plasmodesmata by viral factors such as movement proteins. Long-distance movement involves passage of viruses through various cellular barriers including the bundle sheath, vascular parenchyma, and companion cells for virus loading into sieve elements. Viruses are then passively transported through sieve elements to distant tissues. While many studies have examined virus cell-to-cell movement, few have focused on the molecular mechanisms regulating virus long-distance movement. Finely characterizing long-distance movement of viruses is challenging because of the inter-dependence of cell-to-cell and long-distance movement and because phloem is located deep within plant tissues. Nevertheless, recent studies have begun to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of long-distance movement by viruses. This chapter discusses some general features, recent progress, and future prospects of long-distance movement of viruses in plants.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by grants from the Agenda Programs (PJ01130602 & PJ00922904) funded by the Rural Development Administration and the Vegetable Breeding Research Center (No. 710001-07-05) through the Agriculture Research Center program from the Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea

    Jang-Kyun Seo

  2. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 06682, Republic of Korea

    Kook-Hyung Kim

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  1. Jang-Kyun Seo
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  2. Kook-Hyung Kim
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Correspondence to Kook-Hyung Kim .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada

    Aiming Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China

    Xueping Zhou

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Seo, JK., Kim, KH. (2016). Long-Distance Movement of Viruses in Plants. In: Wang, A., Zhou, X. (eds) Current Research Topics in Plant Virology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32919-2_6

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