Pediatrics, “Dermatopediatrics”, and Pediatric Dermatology

Abstract

Pediatric dermatology is a specialty that is dealt with by pediatricians and dermatologists. Knowledge of dermatology as well as a solid basic knowledge of pediatrics is necessary. In the USA, pediatric dermatology is a recognized term and an official specialty with its own board exam. But there are also physicians who call themselves pediatric dermatologists though they are not board certified in pediatric dermatology. However, in the rest of the world, much more physicians call themselves pediatric dermatologists while they are not all experienced and educated in diagnosing and treating children with skin diseases.

Appendix

Basic knowledge list of pediatric dermatology for pediatricians and dermatologists

Acanthosis nigricans

Acne

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

Alopecia (alopecia areata, congenital alopecia, trichotillomania, syndromic alopecia)

Atopic dermatitis

Blistering disorders – SSSS, TEN

Diaper rashes

Drug eruptions

Erythema nodosum

Fungal infections – body, scalp, groin, feet, kerion, P. versicolor

Genetic syndromes (among the most common ones are neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis complex, incontinentia pigmenti, ichthyosis, epidermolysis bullosa)

Granuloma annulare

Hair anomalies (hair dysplasia and hair anomalies associated with genetic syndromes)

Hemangiomas of infancy (nowadays termed as infantile hemangioma)

Herpes simplex

Histiocytosis (Langerhans and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis)

Hypomelanosis of Ito

Ichthyosis

Impetigo

Incontinentia pigmenti

Insect bites

Keratosis pilaris

Lice

Lichen planus

Mastocytosis – urticaria pigmentosa, mastocytoma

Metabolic diseases and skin symptoms

Molluscum

Nail alterations (20-nail disease, trachyonychia, nail-biting, nail alteration in genetic syndromes, i.e., ectodermal dysplasia)

Neonatal lesions

Nevi – congenital, acquired, halo

Palmoplantar keratoderma

Pigmented (Café au lait macula (CALM), Mongolian) and hypopigmented lesions (pityriasis alba, nevus depigmentosus)

Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rubra pilaris

Porphyrias

Psoriasis

Scabies

Seborrheic dermatitis

Sexually transmitted diseases

Skin signs of internal diseases (Crohn's disease and others)

Skin signs of child abuse

Sunburn

Steroid potency (cream use)

Syphilis

Trichotillomania (trichophagia)

Vascular malformations – Sturge-Weber Syndrome, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, CMTC (syndrome of Lohuizen, cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita)

Urticaria

Viral exanthems

Vitiligo

Warts

Classification according to morphology (selection of disorders)

Acneiform eruptions

Acne infantum

Acne neonatorum

Acne vulgaris

Juvenile dermatitis perioralis

Folliculitis

Keratosis pilaris atrophicus faceii

Milia

Atrophy

Aplasia cutis

Atrophy after injection or vaccination

Atrophoderma

Juvenile dermatomyositis

Juvenile discoid lupus erythematosus

Focal dermal hypoplasia

Lipoatrophy/lipodystrophy

Lichen sclerosus

Morphea

Necrobiosis lipoidica

Poikiloderma

Striae

Blisters

Allergic contact dermatitis

Aplasia cutis

Bullous impetigo

Bullous lichen planus

Bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma

Bullous drug eruptions

Congenital syphilis

Epidermolysis bullosa

Herpes simplex infection

Histiocytosis

Incontinentia pigmenti

Hydroa aestivale

Hydroa vacciniforme

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)

Eczematous eruptions

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Infantile seborrheic dermatitis

Pityriasis rosea

Asymmetric exanthem of childhood

Diaper dermatitis (napkin dermatitis, nappy rash)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Papules, plaques, nodules, and tumors

Skin-colored

Nevi

Neurofibroma

Milia

Molluscum contagiosum

Adnex tumor

Verruca

Keloid/scar

Histiocytosis

Xanthoma

Mucinosis

Pilomatrixoma

Hamartoma

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome

Connective tissue nevus

Mastocytosis

Red-colored

Vasculitis

Insect bite

Scabies nodules

Xanthoma

Gianotti-Crosti syndrome

Granuloma annulare

Pityriasis lichenoides

Spitz nevus

Hemangioma

Granuloma telangiectaticum

Vascular malformation

Lymphomatoid papulosis

Histiocytosis

Mastocytosis

Brown-colored

Melanocytic nevus

Spitz nevus

Mastocytosis

Malignant melanoma

Blue-/black-colored

Blue nevus

Comedo (open)

Congenital melanocytic nevus

Malignant melanoma

Pilomatrixoma

Hemangioma (deep)

Vascular malformation

Yellow-colored

Xanthoma

Xanthogranuloma

Nevus sebaceous

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Nevus lipomatosis

Nodules and tumors

Cysts

Epidermoid cyst

Dermoid cyst

Pilomatrixoma

Ganglion cyst

Branchial cleft cyst

Bronchogenic cyst

Thyroglossal cyst

Brown/black-colored

Melanocytic nevi

Malignant melanoma

Skin-colored

Keloid/scar

Spitz nevus

Lipoma

Xanthoma

Neurofibroma

Leiomyoma

Fibroma

Lipoma

Vascular

Hemangioma

Vascular malformations

Lymphangioma

Angiokeratoma

Glomus tumor

Granulomas

Foreign body granuloma

Granuloma annulare

Rheumatoid nodule

Appendix tumors

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum

Pilomatrixoma

Painful tumors/nodules

Eccrine spiradenoma

Glomus tumor

Angiolipoma

Leiomyoma

Erythema nodosum

Inflammatory nodules

Erythema nodosum

Polyarteritis nodosa

Nodular vasculitis

Deep fungal infections

Leishmaniasis

Sweet syndrome

Milker’s nodule

Sporotrichosis

Orf

Furuncle

Tuberculosis

Atypical mycobacteriosis

1. Some data from Kanzler et al. (2001)
2. Bold advanced knowledge (dermatologists), non-bold basic knowledge (pediatricians)