Skip to main content

Festivalisation and Its Effects on the Urban Space

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Festivalisation of Urban Spaces

Part of the book series: Springer Geography ((SPRINGERGEOGR))

  • 1879 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, the basic conceptions and definitions related to festivalisation, the main impacts of festivals on space, the concept of festival tourism and the most important types of festivalisation spaces are characterised. The description of the basic conceptions and definitions related to festivalisation includes concepts such as geographical space and its types, or urban space. This is the theoretical basis for the analysis developed further in the book. The concept of festivalisation and its main features are investigated in this chapter as well. In the next subchapter, the most important impacts of festivals on urban space, divided into tangible, intangible, positive, and negative ones, are described. Further on, the reader can find references to festival tourism, first to the understanding of the concept of tourism and its classifications. The definitions of tourism, tourists and tourist assets are given here as well. Later the definition of festival tourism as one of the tourism types is formulated, and its influence on tourism space is briefly presented. The last subchapter presents festivalisation spaces. They are urban spaces which festivals influence most strongly: e.g. festival centres as spaces of permanent festivalisation, or theatres, museums, streets and squares, occupied temporarily for festival purposes. The theoretical characteristic of different festivalisation spaces is supplemented with many practical examples.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    There are also intermediary spaces—half-private and half-public, e.g. staircases in blocks of flats and city yards.

  2. 2.

    The author of this book believes that the spaces of shopping centres should not be (as it was described in the work by Rouba 2011—quoted earlier) classified as fully public spaces.

References

  • Aldskogius H (1993) Festivals and meets: the place of music “Summer Sweden”. Geografiska Ann Ser B Hum Geography 75(2):55–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alzua A, O’Leary J, Morrison A (1998) Cultural and heritage tourism: identifying niches for international travelers. J Travel Tour Stud 9(2):2–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Amendola G (1995) Public spaces and city regeneration. Culture and neighbourhoods, concepts and references, vol 1. Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, pp 71–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson I (2014) Placing place branding: an analysis of an emerging research field in human geography. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish J Geogr 114(2):143–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arcodia C, Cohen S (2007) Environmental accreditation for event management. In: Proceedings of the 4th international event management research conference re-evaluating the city/town: events as a catalyst for change, Melbourne. http://www.business.uts.edu.au/acem/pdfs/proceedings_international_event_symposium_2007.pdf/. Accessed 18 Sep 2011

  • Arcodia C, Whitford M (2006) Festival attendance and the development of social capital. J. Convention Event Tour 8(2):1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson D (2005) Heritage. In: Atkinson D, Jackson P, Sibley D, Washbourne N (eds) Cultural geography: a critical dictionary of key concepts. I.B.Tauris, London, pp 141–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Augustyn-Lendzion E (2005) Przestrzeń publiczna? Kilka refleksji na temat. Czasopismo Techniczne Architektura, 102(9-A):35–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee T (2001) The future of public space. J Am Plan Assoc 67:9–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjeljac Ž, Terzić A, Lović S (2015) Nematerijalno kulturno nasleđe u Srbiji kao turistički brend. Turističko poslovanje 15:53–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boland P (2010) Capital of culture—you must be having a laugh!’ Challenging the official rhetoric of Liverpool as the 2008 European cultural capital. Soc Cult Geogr (7):627–645

    Google Scholar 

  • Boo S, Busser JA (2006) Impact analysis of a tourism festival on tourists destination images. Event Manag 9(4):223–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu P (1984) Distinction: a social critique of the judgment of taste. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Buch T, Milne S, Dickson G (2011) Multiple stakeholder perspectives on cultural events: Auckland's Pasifika festival. J Hosp Market Manag 20 (3–4):311–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Buczkowska K (2008) Turystyka kulturowa. Przewodnik metodyczny, Eugeniusz Piasecki Physical Education Academy in Poznań, Poznań

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlsen J (2009) The economics and evaluation of festivals an events. In: Yeoman I, Robertson M, Ali-Knight A, Drummond S, McMahon-Beattie U (eds) Festival and events management. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 249–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr S, Francis M, Rivlin LG, Ston AM (1992) Public space. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Casanova H, Hernandez J (2011) The regeneration of public life. Scape 1:18–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Caves RE (2000) Creative industries. Harvard University Press, Cambridge and London, Contracts between art and commerce

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper C, Hall CM (2008) Contemporary tourism: an international approach. Butterworth-Heinemann, Burlington

    Google Scholar 

  • Crompton JL, McKay SL (1994) Measuring the economic impact of festivals and events: some myths, misapplications, and ethical dilemmas. Festival Manag Event Tour 2:33–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W (2006) Festiwal Dialogu Czterech Kultur jako przykład strategicznego produktu turystycznego dla Łodzi. Turystyka i Hotelarstwo 10:117–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W (2011) Film festivals in Łódź as a main component of urban cultural tourism. Bullet Geogr Socio–Econ Ser 15:131–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W (2012) Introduction. In: Cudny W, Michalski T, Rouba R (eds) Tourism and the transformation of large cities in the post—communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe ŁTN. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, pp 9–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W (2013) Festival tourism—the concept, key functions and dysfunctions in the context of tourism geography studies. Geografický časopis 6(2):105–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W (2014) Festivals as a subject for geographical research. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish J Geogr 114(2):132–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W, Rouba R (2011) Theatre and multicultural festivals in Lodz as a free time management factor among the inhabitants and tourists in the post-industrial city. Acta Geographica Universitatis Comenianae 55(1):3–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W, Gosik B, Rouba R (2011) Festiwal kultury chrześcijańskiej w Łodzi jako przykład produktu turystycznego—wydarzenie. Ekonomiczne Problemy Usług 66(648):89–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W, Michalski T, Rouba R (eds) (2012a) Tourism and the transformation of large cities in the post—communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. ŁTN—Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź

    Google Scholar 

  • Cudny W, Korec P, Rouba R (2012b) Resident’s perception of festivals—the case study of Lodz. Sociológia—Slovak. Sociol Rev 44(6):704–728

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham SD (2002) From cultural to creative industries: theory, industry, and policy implications, media international Australia incorporating culture and policy. Q J Media Res Resour 54–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Dallen JT, Boyd SW (2003) Heritage tourism. Pearson Education, Harlow

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies M (1993) Cultural tourism, history, and historic precincts. In: Hall MC, McArthur S (eds) Heritage management in New Zealand and Australia. Oxford University Press, Auckland, pp 188–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies WKD (2015) Festive cities: multi-dimensional perspectives. In: Davies WKD (ed) Theme cities: solutions for urban problems. Springer, Cham, pp. 533–561

    Google Scholar 

  • de Valck M (2007) Film festivals: from European geopolitics to global cinephilia. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Derrett R (2003) Making sense of how festivals demonstrate a community’s sense of place. Event Manag 8:49–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrić D, Bjeljac Ž (2015) Structure and motives of visitors to the event “Evenings of Tešnjar” J Geogr Inst “Jovan Cvijić” SASA, 65, 2, pp 215–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinnie K (2011) City branding: theory and cases. Basingstoke, Hampshire, Houndmills [England]; Palgrave Macmillan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Du Cros H, Mckercher B (2002) Cultural tourism: the partnership between tourism and cultural heritage manager. Haworth Hospitality Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer L, Mellor R, Mistillis N, Mules T (2000) A framework for assessing ‘tangible’ and ‘intangible’ impacts of events and conventions. Event Manag 6(3):175–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott A, Urry J (2010) Mobile lives. Routledge, London—New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Flew T (2010) Toward a cultural economic geography of creative industries and urban development: introduction to the special issue on creative industries and urban development. Inform Soc (26):85–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Florida R (2003) Cities and the creative class. City Commun 2(1):3–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredline L, Derry M, Jago L (2006) Host community perceptions of the impact of events. A comparison of different event themes in urban and regional communities, CRC for sustainable tourism Pty Ltd. Gold Coast, Australia. http://www.crctourism.com.au. Accessed 1 Sept 2011

  • Frey B (1986) The salzburg festival: an economic point of view. J Cult Econ 10:27–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frey B (1994) The economics of music festival. J of Cult Econ 18:29–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Frug  G (1999) City making: building communities without walls. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaworecki WW (2007) Turystyka. Warszawa, PWE

    Google Scholar 

  • Gehl J (2011) Life between buildings: using public space. Islandpress, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Getz D (1991) Festivals, special events, and tourism. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Getz D (2008) Event tourism: definition, evolution, and research. Tour Manag 29(3):403–428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Getz D (2010) The nature and scope of festival studies. Int J Manag Res 5(1):1–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Gnoth J (2004) Strengthening tourism SME brands, proceedings: Rencontres de St Gall, Sept. 20–23, Appenzell, Switzerland. In: Fueglistaller U, Volery T, Weber W (eds) Value creation in entrepreneurship and SMEs. KMU, Hochschule St Gallen

    Google Scholar 

  • Goss J (1996) Disquiet on the waterfront: reflections on nostalgia and utopia in the urban archetypes of festival marketplaces. Urban Geogr. 17(3):221–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gotham KF (2005) Theorizing urban spectacles. Festivals, tourism and the transformation of urban space. City 9(2):225–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Govers R, Go FM (2009) Place branding: local, virtual and physical identities, constructed, imagined and experienced. Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin T, Hayllar B, Edwards D (2008) Places and people: a precinct typology. In: Hayllar B, Griffin T, Edwards D (eds) City spaces. Tourist places, Urban Tourism Precincts, Butterworth-Heinmann, Oxford, pp 39–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagen J (2008) Parades, public space, and propaganda: the Nazi culture parades in Munich. Geografiska Ann Ser B Hum Geogr 90(4):349–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall CM (1989) Hallmark events and the planning process. In: Syme GJ, Shaw BJ, Fenton DM, Mueller WS (eds) The planning and evaluation of hallmark events. Aldershot, Avebury, pp 20–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall CM (1992) Hallmark tourist events: impacts, management and planning. Bethaven Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauptfleisch T, Lev-Aladgem S, Martin J, Sauter W, Schoenmakers H (eds) (2007) Festivalising!: theatrical events, politics and culture. Rodopi, Amsterdam—New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt M (2005) Young people and illicit drug use in Australia. Soc Res Issues Paper 3:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughe V, Stall R, Klouri C, Barrett DC (1995) AIDS risk-taking behavior during carnival in São Paulo, Brazil. AIDS 9(1):39–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes G (1999) Urban revitalization: the use of festive time strategies. Leisure Stud 18(2):119–135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanovic M (2008) Cultural tourism. Juta & Co., Cape Town, South Africa

    Google Scholar 

  • Janiskee R (1991) Rural festivals in South Carolina. J Cult Geogr 11(2):31–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen OB (2007) Culture stories understanding cultural urban branding. Plan Theory 6:211–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson M, Kociatkiewicz J (2011) City festivals: creativity and control in staged urban experiences. Eur Urban Reg Stud 18(4):392–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaczmarek J, Stasiak A, Włodarczyk B (2010) Produkt turystyczny. Pomysł, organizacja, zarządzanie. PWE, Warszawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang S, Kim K, Ryan C, Park S (2014) What makes people travel to cultural heritage festival? Int J Tour Sci 14(3):70–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirby A (2008) The production of private space and its implications for urban social relations. Polit Geogr 27(1):74–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostrowicki A (1997) Przestrzeń—jej istota i zróżnicowanie. Rzeki 6:125–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Kotler P, Armstrong G (2010) Principles of marketing. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson Education, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowalczyk A (2001) Geografia turyzmu. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson M, Wikströ M (2001) Organizing events: Managing conflicts and consensus in a political market square. Event Manag 7:51–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CK, Lee YK, Wicks BE (2004) Segmentation of festival motivation by nationality and satisfaction. Tour Manag 25(1):61–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee I, Arcodia C, Lee TJ (2010) The key characteristics of multicultural festivals: a critical review of the literature. In: Rhodri, T. (ed) Events and festivals research: state of the art. Global events congress IV: festivals & events research: state of the art. Incorporating the 8th AEME events Management Educators’ Forum, Leeds, U.K.13–16 July 2010, pp 1–10. http://www.eventsandfestivalsresearch.com/files/proceedings/LEE%20ARCODIA%20&%20LEE%20FINAL.pdf. Accessed 10 Sept 2011

  • Lerner J (2003) Acupunctura urbana. Editora Record, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Leszczycki S (1975) Geografia jako nauka i wiedza stosowana. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Lew AA (1987) A Framework of Tourist Attraction Research. Ann Tour Res 14:553–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lisowski A (2003) Koncepcje przestrzeni w geografii człowieka. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Liszewski S (1995) Przestrzeń turystyczna. Turyzm 5:87–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Liszewski S (2008) Formy i struktury przestrzenne wielkich skupisk miejskichw: Liszewski, S. ed. Geografia urbanistyczna, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, pp. 187–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Long P, Perdue T (1990) The economic impact of rural festivals and special events: assessing the spatial distribution of expenditures. J Travel Res 28(4):10–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long P, Robinson M (eds) (2004) Festivals and tourism: marketing, management and evaluation. Business Education Publishers Ltd., Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Markowski T (2001) Przestrzeń publiczna w ekonomice rozwoju miast. Biuletyn KPZK PAN, z. 194

    Google Scholar 

  • Markwell K, Waitt G (2009) Festivals, space and sexuality: gay pride in Australia. Tour Geogr 11(2):143–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marston S (1989) Public rituals and community power: St. Patrick’s parades in Lowell, Massachusetts. Polit Geogr Q 8(3):1841–1874

    Google Scholar 

  • McCarthy J (2006) Promoting image and identity in “Cultural Quarters”: the case of Dundee. Local Econ 20(3):280–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClinchey KA (2008) Urban ethnic festivals, neighborhoods, and the multiple realities of marketing place. J Travel Tour Market (3–4):251–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Mezias S, Pedersen S, Svejenova S, Mazza C (2008) Much ado about Nothing? Untangling the impact of European premier film festivals. Creative Encounters Working Paper, 14:2–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Mezias S, Pedersen SJ, Kim JH, Svejenova S, Mazza C (2011) Transforming film product identities: the status effects of European premier film festivals, 1996-2005. In: Moeran B, Pedersen SJ (eds) Negotiating values in the creative industries: fairs, festivals and competitive events. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, pp 169–196

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mikkonen J, Pasanen K (2010) Economic and socio—cultural impacts of two cultural festivals of Savonlinna. In: Paper for global events congress IV: events and festival research: state of the art, Leeds. http://www.eventsandfestivalsresearch.com/files/proceedings/Mikkonen_Pasanen_FINAL.pdf. Accessed 25 Dec 2011

  • Miles S (2005) Understanding the cultural case: class, identity and the regeneration of Newcastle Gateshead. Sociology 39(5):1019–1028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nuryanti W (1996) Heritage and postmodern tourism. Ann Tour Res 23:249–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Ooi CS (2002a) Cultural tourism and tourism cultures: the business of mediating experiences in Copenhagen and Singapore. Copenhagen Business School Press, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Ooi CS (2002b) Poetics and politics of destination branding: Denmark. Scand J Hosp Tour 4(2):107–128

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ooi CS (2010) Branding cities, changing societies. Creative Encounters Working Paper 45:3–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Ooi CS, Pedersen S (2010) City branding and film festivals: Re-evaluating stakeholders' relations. Place Branding Public Diplomacy 6(4):316–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasanen K, Taskinen H, Mikkonen J (2009) Impacts of cultural events in eastern Finland—development of a Finnish event evaluation tool. Scandi J Hosp Tour 9(2–3):112–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poria Y, Butler R, Airey D (2001) Clarifying heritage tourism: a comment. Ann Tour Res 28:1047–1049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt AC (2009) Urban regeneration: from the arts “feel good” factor to the cultural economy: a case study of Hoxton, London. Urban Studies 46(5–6):1041–1061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prentice R, Andersen V (2003) Festival as creative destination. Ann Tour Res 30(1):7–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn B (2005) Arts festivals and the city. Urban Stud 42(5–6):927–943

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn B (2006) Problematising “Festival Tourism”: arts festivals and sustainable development in Ireland. J Sustain Tour 14(3):288–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn B (2010) Arts festivals, urban tourism and cultural policy. J Policy Res Tour Leisure Events 2(3):264–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reisinger Y (2009) International tourism: cultures and behavior. Butterworth—Heinemann, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard G, Palmer R (2010) Eventful cities: cultural management and urban revitalization. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards G (1996) Cultural tourism in Europe. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards G (ed) (2007) Cultural tourism: global and local perspectives. Haworth Hospitality Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie B (1984) Assessing the impact of hallmark events: conceptual and research issues. J Travel Res 23(1):2–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roche M (2011) Festivalization, cosmopolitanism and European culture: on the socio-cultural significance of mega—events. In: Giorgi L, Sassatelli M, Delanty G, (eds) Festivals and the cultural public sphere. Routledge, London—New York, pp 124–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Rofe MW, Woosnam CL (2015) Festivals as a vehicle for place promotion: cars, contestation and the creative city ethos, landscape research, article published online, doi:10.1080/01426397.2015.1078457

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouba R (2011) Łódź Art Center jako nowa publiczna przestrzeń kultury w Łodzi. In: Jażdżewska I (ed) Przestrzeń publiczna miast. XXIV Konwersatorium Wiedzy o Mieście, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, pp 157–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan C (1998) Economic impacts of small events: estimates and determinants—a New Zealand example. Tour Econ 4(4):339–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan C (2003) Recreational tourism: demand and impacts. Channel View Publications, Clevedon

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan C, Gu H (2010) Constructionism and culture in research: Understandings of the fourth Buddhist Festival, Wutaishan, China. Tour Manag 31(2):167–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saayman M, Saayman A (2004) Economic impact of cultural events. South Afr J Econ Manag Sci 7(4):629–641

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlenker K, Foley C, Getz D (2010) ENCORE festival and event evaluation kit: review and redevelopment, CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty. Ltd., Gold Coast, Australia. http://www.crctourism.com.au. Accessed 1 Sept 2011

  • Sharma V, Joshi BD (2010) Assessment of noise pollution during Deepwali festival in a small township of Haridwar City of Uttarakhand, India. Environmentalist 30:216–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sierecka-Nowakowska B (2001) Dziedzictwo przyrodniczo—kulturowe jako podstawa rozwoju przestrzeni publicznej miasta na przykładzie Łodzi. Biuletyn KPZK PAN, z. 194

    Google Scholar 

  • Siwek T (2011) Percepce geografického prostoru. Česká geografická společnost, Praha

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith MK (2009) Issues in Cultural Tourism Studies. Routledge, New York, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon

    Google Scholar 

  • Stebbins R (1996) Cultural tourism as serious leisure. Ann Tour Res 23:948–950

    Google Scholar 

  • Szwichtenberg A (ed) (2000) Podstawy turystyki. Politechnika Koszalińska, Koszalin

    Google Scholar 

  • Szymańska D (2007) Urbanizacja na świecie. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Tetłak K (2013) The taxpayer as the unofficial sponsor of the London 2012 olympic games. Int Sports Law J 13(1):97–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tetłak K (2014) Sochi 2014 Olympic tax legislation. Eur Taxation 54(4):165–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas NJ, Hawkins H, Harvey DC (2010) The geographies of the creative industries: scale, clusters and connectivity. Geography 95(1):14–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Thrift N (2003) Space: the fundamental stuff of geography. In: Rice S, Valentine G (eds) Key concepts in geography Holloway SL. Sage, London, pp 95–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Tighe AJ (1986) The arts/tourism partnership. J Travel Res 24(3):2–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Elderen PL (1997) Suddenly one summer: a sociological portrait of the Joensuu festival. Joensuu University Press, Joensuu

    Google Scholar 

  • Waitt G (2008) Urban festivals: geographies of hype, helplessness and hope. Geogr Compass 2(2):513–537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wall G, Mathieson A (2006) Tourism: change, impacts, and opportunities. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow

    Google Scholar 

  • White C (2005) Festival marketplaces. In: Caves RW (ed) Encyclopedia of the city. Routledge, Oxon, Abingdon, pp 179–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Włodarczyk B (2009) Przestrzeń turystyczna—istota, koncepcje, determinanty rozwoju. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź

    Google Scholar 

  • Zukin P (2010) Naked city: the death and life of authentic urban places. Oxford University Press, Oxford—New York

    Google Scholar 

  • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/557313/space.Online Encyclopedia Britannica, entry: space. Accessed 03 March 2015

  • http://www.trotuart.pl/E/ETrotuArt.html webpage devoted to the Trotu Art festival. Accessed 03 March 2015

  • http://www.4kultury.pl/en/festival/about-festival/ webpage devoted to the Lodz 4 Cultures Festival. Accessed 03 March 2015

  • http://www.folkoweinspiracje.pl/en/ webpage devoted to the International Festival of Youth Creativity FOLK INSPIRATION. Accessed 03 March 2015

  • http://www.stpatricksfestival.ie/info webpage devoted to the St. Patrick’s festival. Accessed 05 March 2015

  • http://www.nycstpatricksparade.org/about.html webpage devoted to the St. Patrick’s festival in New York. Accessed 05 March 2015

  • http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/frankfurtmarket webpage devoted to the Frankfurtmarket in Birmingham. Accessed 05 March 2015

  • http://lightmovefestival.pl/about-the-festival/ webpage devoted to the Lightmovefestival. Accessed 05 March 2015

  • http://umea2014.se/en/project/ webpage devoted to the European Capital of Culture—Umea 2014. Accessed 05 March 2015

  • http://en.palaisdesfestivals.com/ webpage presenting the Palais des Festivals in Cannes. Accessed 05 March 2015

  • http://www.wff.pl/en/ webpage devoted to the Warsaw Film Festival. Accessed 05 March 2015

  • http://www.autostadt.de/en/ort/ webpage presenting the Autostadt centre in Wolfsburg. Accessed 07 March 2015

  • http://int.rendezvousenfrance.com/en/events/festival-loire-orleans webpage devoted to the Festival de Loire in Orléans. Accessed 07 March 2015

  • http://www.frenchmarket.org/event/currents-the-mighty-mississippi-river-festival/ webpage devoted to the-mighty-mississippi-river-festival. Accessed 07 March 2015

  • http://www.zagle.com.pl/wydarzenia/18-zlot-zaglowcow-i-festiwal-morski-baltic-sail-gdansk-3072014-co-nas-dzis-czeka,1_14627.html webpage devoted to Festiwal Morski Baltic Sail Gdańsk. Accessed 07 March 2015

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Waldemar Cudny .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cudny, W. (2016). Festivalisation and Its Effects on the Urban Space. In: Festivalisation of Urban Spaces. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31997-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics