Abstract
Germany’s anti-nuclear movement is considered to be very powerful. But it did not start with concern about radioactivity. Rather, in 1974, German citizens began protesting against the industrialization of their quiet rural farming communities—and against an authoritarian government and the arrogant technocrats who were trying to push through a large nuclear plant. The Energiewende thus began with a call for energy democracy.
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Notes
- 1.
Information about the history of Wyhl is partly taken from personal accounts with the authors. The following publication also proved to be a useful source of information: Bürger gegen Kernkraftwerke, Hans-Helmut Wüstenhagen, Rororo, 1975. Quotes are also taken from two video documentaries: (1) Welcome to the Energiewende, http://welcometotheenergiewende.blogspot.de/; and (2) 40 Jahre AKW-Widerstand: Wyhl, SWR, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ybq9MjL2fE.
- 2.
Wüstenhagen, Hans-Helmut, Bürger gegen Kernkraftwerke: Wyhl, der Anfang? Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1975, p. 42.
- 3.
Wüstenhagen, p. 21
- 4.
Gensch, Goggo. “Wyhl? “Nai hämmer gsait.” Der Widerstand gegen das Atomkraftwerk am Kaiserstuhl.”: SWR-Geschichtsdokumentationen. 2013. Accessed February 4, 2016. http://www.swr.de/geschichte/wyhl-atomkraft-widerstand/-/id=100754/nid=100754/did=12047138/1x51213/index.html.
- 5.
Petite Planète. Welcome to the Energiewende. 2013. Accessed February 4, 2016. http://welcometotheenergiewende.blogspot.de/2013/10/full-movie.html.
- 6.
Goggo Gensch, 2013.
- 7.
Ibid.
- 8.
Wüstenhagen, p. 59.
- 9.
Wüstenhagen, p. 55.
- 10.
Petite Planéte, Welcome to the Energiewende, 2013.
- 11.
Goggo Gensch, 2013.
- 12.
Wüstenhagen, p. 61.
- 13.
Goggo Gensch, 2013
- 14.
Wüstenhagen, p. 61.
- 15.
Goggo Gensch, 2013.
- 16.
Ibid.
- 17.
Wüstenhagen, p. 61.
- 18.
Wüstenhagen, p. 71.
- 19.
Wüstenhagen, p. 75.
- 20.
Wüstenhagen, p. 76.
- 21.
Wüstenhagen, p. 79.
- 22.
Goggo Gensch, 2013.
- 23.
Ibid.
- 24.
Wüstenhagen, p. 79.
- 25.
Wüstenhagen, p. 80.
- 26.
Personal communication with the authors.
- 27.
Wüstenhagen, p. 88.
- 28.
Wüstenhagen, pp. 87–88.
- 29.
Wüstenhagen, p. 88.
- 30.
Wüstenhagen, p. 90.
- 31.
Wüstenhagen, p. 91.
- 32.
Goggo Gensch, 2013.
- 33.
Personal communication with the authors.
- 34.
Kiefer, Gerhard. “Günter Richter: die Stimme der Anderen.” Badische Zeitung. 26 July 2014. Accessed February 4, 2016. https://www.badische-zeitung.de/suedwest-1/guenter-richter-die-stimme-der-anderen--87992485.html.
- 35.
Petite Planéte, Welcome to the Energiewende, 2013.
- 36.
Goggo Gensch, 2013.
- 37.
See “Nuclear power: the crisis in Europe and Japan,” International Business. In Business Week. 25 December 1978, p. 44.
- 38.
Petite Planéte, Welcome to the Energiewende, 2013.
- 39.
Morris, Craig. “Efficiency lacks a loud lobby”: An interview with Florentin Krause.” Energy Transition. The German Energiewende. 17 April 2013. Accessed February 4, 2016. http://energytransition.de/2013/04/an-interview-with-florentin-krause/.
- 40.
Engels, Jens I. “Geschichte und Heimat der Widerstand gegen das Kernkraftwerk Wyhl.” In Wahrnehmung, Bewusstsein, Identifikation: Umweltprobleme und Umweltschutz als Triebfedern regionaler Entwicklung. Edited by Kerstin Kretschmer, 103–30. Freiberg, 2003.
- 41.
Morris, Craig. “REN21 releases new Global Statis Report.” Renewables International. The Magazine. 28 November 2012. Accessed February 4, 2016. http://www.renewablesinternational.net/ren21-releases-new-global-status-report/150/537/58961/.
- 42.
Gottesdiener, Laura. “I Worked in a Strip Club in a North Dakota Fracking Boomtown.” Motherjones. 14 October 2014. Accessed February 4, 2016. http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/10/inside-north-dakotas-crazy-oil-boom. Also see Sargent, Jonah, James Christenson, Eliot Popko, and Lewis Wolcox. “Running on Fumes in North Dakota.” New York Times. Op-Docs: Season 3. 14 January 2014. Accessed February 4, 2016. http://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000002648361/running-on-fumes-in-north-dakota.html.
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Morris, C., Jungjohann, A. (2016). The Birth of a Movement: 1970s Protests for Democracy in Wyhl. In: Energy Democracy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31891-2_2
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