Abstract
This chapter explores the specification of knowledge regimes in different countries under the impact of globalisation as well as the circulation of knowledge-based technologies and their consequences on the emergence of a new epistemic governance in European education. While each country maintains specific organisational and institutional properties, the chapter demonstrates the importance of international networks and travelling policies, mediated by numbers and measurement tools, in the genesis of the European knowledge-based economy which legitimises the power of expertise and a new conception of the relationships between science and policy. This technocratic and neo-liberal turn serves as a political project promoting entrepreneurial university and utilitarian research findings.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Contrary to them, we use the word “research entities” instead of “research units” to avoid any confusion about the tasks achieved in some of these institutions outside of academia, which are often more expertise than research.
References
Agalianos, A. (2006). Crossing borders: The European dimension in educational and social science research. In J. Ozga, T. Seddon, & T. S. Popkewitz (Eds.), Education research and policy. Steering the knowledge-based economy (pp. 43–78). New York: Routledge World Yearbook of Education.
Alasuutari, P., & Qadir, A. (2014). Epistemic governance: An approach to the politics of policy-making. European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology, 1(1), 67–84.
Angrist, J. D. (2004). American education research changes tack. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20(2), 198–212.
Apple, M. W. (2006). Educating the “right” way: Markets, standards, God, and inequality. New York: Taylor & Francis.
Ball, S. J. (2012). Global Education Inc. New policy networks and the neoliberal imaginary. Routledge: London.
Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity (p. 1992). London: Sage.
Becker, H. S. (1973). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. New York: Free Press.
Bell, D. (1973). The coming of the post-industrial society: A venture in social forecasting. Middlesex: Penguin.
Bleiklie, I. (1998). Justifying the Evaluative State. New Public Management Ideals in Higher Education: European Journal of Education, 33(3), 299–316.
Bleiklie, I. (2005). Organizing higher education in a knowledge society. Higher Education, 49, 31–59.
Bleiklie, I., & Byrkjeflot, H. (2002). Changing knowledge regimes: Universities in a new research environment. Higher Education, 44(3), 519–532.
Bottani, N., & Tuijnman, A. (1994). International education indicators: Framework, development and interpretation. Capítulo, 1, 21–35.
Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L. (1999). Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay. In J. Law (Ed.), Power, action and belief: A new sociology of knowledge? (pp. 196–223). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Callon, M., Lascoumes, P., & Barthe, Y. (2009). Acting in an uncertain world: An essay on technical democracy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Campbell, J. L., & Pederson, O. K. (2011). Knowledge regimes and comparative political economy. In D. Béland & R. Cox (Eds.), Ideas and politics in social science research (pp. 167–190). New York: Oxford University Press.
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. (2006). Knowledge creation, diffusion, and use in innovation networks and knowledge clusters: A comparative systems approach across the United States, Europe, and Asia. Connecticut/London: Wesport/Greenwood Publishing Group.
Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). Mode 3 knowledge production in quadruple helix innovation systems. 21st-century democracy, innovation, and entrepreneurship for development. Springer Briefs in Business, 3, 21.
Carvalho, L. M. (2014). The attraction of mutual surveillance of performances: PISA as a knowledge-policy instruments. In T. Fenwick, E. Mangez, & J. Ozga (Eds.), Governing knowledge. Comparison, knowledge-based technologies and expertise in the regulation of education (pp. 58–72). New York: Routledge World Yearbook of Education.
Castells, M. (1996). The rise of the network society. London: Blackwell.
CEC (2006). Commission of the European Communities, Delivering on the modernization agenda for universities: Education, research, innovation. Communication from the Commission COM 2006/208, Brussels CEC.
Chitty, C. (1989). Towards a new education system: The victory of the new right? London: Falmer Press.
Clark, B. R. (1998). Creating entrepreneurial universities: Organizational pathways of transformation. Oxford: Pergamon.
Cobb, R. W., & Ross, M. H. (Eds.). (1997). Cultural strategies of agenda denial: Avoidance, attack, and redefinition. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Council of the European Union (2005, November 24). Resolution of the council and the representatives of the governments of the member states, on mobilising the brain power of Europe: Enabling higher education to make its full contribution to the Lisbon strategy. Official Journal of the European Union 2005/C 292/1, 48.
Dahrendorf, R. (1995). A history of the London school of economics and political science 1895–1995. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dale, R. (1999). Specifying globalisation effects on national policy: Focus on the mechanisms. Journal of Education Policy, 14, 1–17.
Dale, R. (2000). Globalisation and education: Demonstrating a “common world education culture” or locating a “globally structured agenda for education”? Education Theory, 50(4), 427–448.
Dale, R. (2005). Globalisation, knowledge economy and comparative education. Comparative Education, 41(2), 117–151.
Dale, R., & Robertson, S. (2009). Globalisation and Europeanisation in education. Oxford Symposium Books.
Denham, A., & Garnett, M. (1998). British think-tanks and the climate of opinion. London: University, College London Press.
Denham, A., & Garnett, M. (2004). A “hollowed-out” tradition? British think-tanks in the 21st century. In D. Stone & A. Denham (Eds.), Think-tank traditions: Policy research and the politics of ideas (pp. 232–246). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Derouet, J.-L., & Normand, R. (2010). Caesars and Rubicon. The hesitations of French policymakers in identifying a third way in education and training. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 43, 97–121.
Desrosières, A. (2002). The politics of large numbers: A history of statistical reasoning. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
EC (2010). Europe 2020, a strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, CPM 2020, Final, Brussels.
Etzkowitz, H. (1991). The entrepreneurial university and the emergence of democratic corporatism. In H. Etzkowitz & L. Leydesdorff (Eds.), Universities and the global knowledge economy: A triple helix of university-industry-government relations (pp. 141–152). London: Cassell.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1997). Universities and the global knowledge economy: A triple helix of university-industry-government relations. London: Continuum.
Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovations: From national innovation systems and “Mode 2” to a triple helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy, 29, 109–123.
European Commission. (2006). Delivering on the modernization agenda for universities: Education, research and innovation.
European Commission. (2007). Towards more knowledge-based policy and practice in education and training. Commission Staff Working Document. European Communities.
European Commission. (2008). Knowledge for growth European issues and policy challenges. DG research. http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in-research/pdf/download_en/knowledge_for_growth_bat.pdf.
European Commission. (2009). Knowledge for growth. Prospects for science, technology and innovation. Selected papers from Research Commissioner Janez Potoˇcnik’s Expert Group. http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in-research/pdf/download_en/selected_papers_en.pdf.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings 1972–1977. London: Harvester Press.
Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P., & Trow, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge, the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London: Sage.
Grek, S. (2012). Learning from meetings and comparison: A critical examination of the policy tools of transnationals. In G. Steiner-Khamsi & F. Waldow (Eds.), Policy borrowing and lending in education (pp. 41–61). New York: Routledge World Yearbook of Education.
Hackett, S. M., & Dilts, D. M. (2004). A systematic review of business incubation research. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 29(1), 55–82.
Henry, M., Lingard, B., Rizvi, F., & Taylor, S. (2001). The OECD, globalization, and education policy. Oxford: Pergamon-Elsevier.
Husén, T. (1968). Lifelong learning in the ‘educative society’. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 17, 87–98.
Husén, T. (1974). The learning society. London: Methuen.
Husén, T., & Kogan, M. (Eds.). (1984). Educational research and policy: How do they relate? Oxford: Pergamon Press. Rectifier texte chapitre 1 tu les as mis inversés.
Hutmacher, W., Cochrane, D., & Bottani, N. (2001). In pursuit of equity in education: Using international indicators to compare equity policies. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media.
Janowitz, M. (1972). Sociological models and social policy. Morriston: General Learning Systems.
Jasnanoff, S. (2003). Technologies of humility: Citizen participation in governing science. Minerva, 41, 223–244.
Jones, K. (2001). Travelling policy/local spaces: Culture, creativity and interference. Education and Social Justice, 3(3), 2–5.
Jongbloed, B., Enders, J., & Salerno, C. (2008). Higher education and its communities: Interconnections, interdependencies and a research agenda. Higher Education, 56(3), 303–324.
Lange, B., & Alexiadou, N. (2010). Policy learning and governance of education policy in the EU. Journal of Education Policy, 25(4), 443–463.
Laredo, P. (2007). Revisiting the third mission of universities: Toward a renewed categorization of university activities? Higher Education Policy, 20(4), 441–456.
Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Lingard, B. (2010). Policy borrowing, policy learning: Testing times in Australian schooling. Critical Studies in Education, 51(2), 129–147.
Lundvall, B.-Å. (1992). National innovation systems: Toward a theory of interactive learning. London: Pinter Publishers.
Lundvall, B.-Å., & Borras, S. (1999). The globalising learning economy: Implications for innovation policy. Luxumbourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Maassen, G., & Neave, P. (2007). The bologna process: An intergovernmental policy perspective. In P. Maassen & J. P. Olsen (Eds.), University dynamics and European integration (pp. 135–154). Dordrech: Springer.
Maassen, P., & Olsen, J. P. (Eds.). (2007). University dynamics and European integration. Dordrecht: Springer.
Maassen, P., & Stensaker, B. (2011). The knowledge triangle, European higher education policy logics and policy implications. Higher Education, 61(6), 757–769.
Marginson, S., & Considine, M. (2000). The enterprise universities: Power, governance and reinvention in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martens, K., & Wolf, K. D. (2009). Boomerangs and Trojan horses: The unintended consequences of internationalising education policy through the EU and the OECD (pp. 81–107). Netherlands: Springer.
Mazon, B. (1988). Aux origines de l’EHESS. Le rôle du mécénat américain. Paris: Éd. du Cerf.
Meyer, H. D., & Benavot, A. (2013). PISA, power, and policy: The emergence of global educational governance. Oxford: Symposium Books.
Meyer, J. W., Boli, J., Thomas, G. M., & Ramirez, F. O. (1997). World society and the nation-state. American Journal of Sociology, 103(1), 144–181.
Mirowski, P., & Plehwe, D. (2009). The road from Mont Pelerin. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mollas-Gallart, J., Salter, A., Patel, P., Scott, A. & Duran, X. (2002). Measuring third stream activities: Final report to the Russell Group of Universities. Brighton: SPRU. Available at http://www2.lse.ac.uk/economicHistory/Research/CCPN/pdf/russell-report_thirdStream.Pdf
Normand, R. (2011). La mesure de l’école. Une arithmétique politique des inégalités. Paris: Peter Lang.
Normand, R. (2013). Governing population: The emergence of a political arithmetic of inequalities in education: A comparison between the United Kingdom and France. In M. Lawn (Ed.), The rise of data: Historical perspectives (pp. 139–157). Oxford: Symposium Books.
Normand, R. (2015). The “French Pinnacle” of PISA. A boundary object between translations and irreversibility. In M. Lawn & R. Normand (Eds.), Shaping of European education. Interdisciplinary approaches, series studies in European education (pp. 61–89). London: Routledge.
Novoa, A. (2014). Comparative research in education: A mode of governance or a historical journey? In T. Fenwick, E. Mangez, & J. Ozga (Eds.), Governing knowledge. Comparison, knowledge-based technologies and expertise in the regulation of education. New York: Routledge World Yearbook of Education.
Nowotny, H., Scott, P., & Gibbons, M. (2001). Re-thinking science. Knowledge and the public in an age of uncertainty. Cambridge: Polity.
OECD. (1995). Educational research and development. Trends, issues and challenges.
OECD. (1996). The knowledge-based economy OECD.
OECD. (2000). Schooling for tomorrow. OECD scenarios OECD.
OECD. (2001). Knowledge management in the learning society. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2003). Knowledge management. New challenges for educational research. Paris: Publications de l’OECD.
OECD. (2007). Evidence in education. OCDE: Linking Research and Policy.
Ozga, J., Dahler-Larsen, P., & Segerholm, C. (2011). Fabricating quality in education: Data and governance in Europe. London: Routledge.
Pawson, R. (2006). Evidence-based policy. A realist perspective. London: Sage Publications.
Pollard, A. (2010). Professionalism and pedagogy: A contemporary opportunity: A commentary by the Teaching and Learning Research Programme and the General Teaching Council for England. London: TLRPo. Document Number.
Pons, X. (2011). What do we really learn from PISA? The sociology of its reception in three European countries (2001–2008). European Journal of Education, 46(4), 540–548.
Porter, T. A. (1995). Trust in numbers: The pursuit of objectivity in science and public life. Princeton University Press: Princeton.
Radaelli, C. M. (1999). The public policy of the European Union: Whither politics of expertise? Journal of European Public Policy, 6(5), 757–774.
Rizvi, F., & Lingard, B. (2010). Globalizing education policy. Abingdon: Routledge (Taylor & Francis).
Robertson S. -L. (2005, May). Re-imagining and rescripting the future of education: Global knowledge economy discourses and the challenge to education systems. Comparative Education, 41(2), 151–170.
Rochefort, D. A., & Cobb, R. W. (Eds.). (1994). The politics of problem definition: Shaping the policy agenda. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Schuller, T. (2004). International policy research: “Evidence” from CERI/OECD. Paper presented at the European Conference on Educational Research, University of Crete, 22–25 Sept 2004, http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/00003633.htm.
Schuller, T. (2006). International policy research: ‘Evidence’ from CERI/OECD. In J. Ozga, T. Seddon, & T. S. Popkewitz (Eds.), Education research and policy. Steering the knowledge-based economy (pp. 78–90). New York: Routledge World Yearbook of Education.
Serrano-Velarde, K. E. (2008). Quality assurance in the European higher education area. Higher Education Management and Policy, 20(3), 1–18.
Simola, H. (2005). The Finnish miracle of PISA: Historical and sociological remarks on teaching and teacher education. Comparative Education, 41(4), 455–470.
Slaughter, S., & Leslie, L. L. (1997). Academic capitalism. Politics, policies and the Entrepreneurial University. London: John Hopkins University Press.
Slaughter, S., & Rhoades, G. (2004). Academic capitalism in the new economy: Challenges and choices. American Academic, 1(1), 37–59.
Snow, D. A., Rochford, E. B., Jr., Worden, S. K., & Benford, R. D. (1986). Frame alignment processes, micromobilization, and movement participation. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 464–481.
Stone, D. (1996). Capturing the political imagination: Think tanks and the policy process. London: Psychology Press/Franck Cass.
Stone, D., Denham, A., & Garnett, M. (1998). Think tanks across nations. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Tröhler, D. (2013). The OECD and cold war culture: Thinking historically about PISA. In H. Meyer & A. Benavot (Eds.), PISA, power, and policy: The emergence of global educational governance. Oxford: Symposium Books.
Tuunainen, J. (2005). Hybrid practices? Contributions to the debate on the mutation of science and university. Higher Education, 50(2), 275–298.
UNESCO. (2005). Towards knowledge societies. Paris: UNESCO.
Waldow, F. (2013). PISA under examination: Changing knowledge, changing tests, and changing schools. Comparative Education, 49(4), 536–537.
Weingart, P. (2008). How robust is “Socially Robust Knowledge”? In M. Carrier, D. Howard, & J. Kourany (Eds.), The challenge of the social and the pressure of practice: Science and values revisited (pp. 131–145). Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press.
Weiss, C. H. (1979). The many meanings of research utilization. Public Administration Review, 39(5), 426–443.
World Bank. (2003). Lifelong learning for a global knowledge economy. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Young, K., Ashby, D., Boaz, A., & Grayson, L. (2002). Social science and the evidence-based policy movement. Social Policy and Society, 1, 215–224.
Zhao, Y., & Meyer, H.-D. (2013). High on PISA, low on entrepreneurship? What PISA does not measure. In H. Meyer & A. Benavot (Eds.), PISA, power, and policy: The emergence of global educational governance. Oxford: Symposium Books.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Normand, R. (2016). An Epistemic Governance of European Education. In: The Changing Epistemic Governance of European Education. Educational Governance Research, vol 3. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31776-2_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31776-2_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31774-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31776-2
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)