Abstract
Co-producing hydrogen and electricity at coal-powered integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plants with carbon capture and storage (CCS) provides high return on the investment by selling two products while enabling the US to meet the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction goal of 80 % below 1990 levels. Thirty-year Internal rates of return above 10–15 % are feasible with these co-generation plants, assuming that they sell electricity to the grid and hydrogen to local liquid hydrogen dispensing stations for fuel cell electric vehicles or fuel cell forklift trucks.
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Notes
- 1.
The PCCI index for power plants fell slightly to 186 in 2015, compared to 189 in 2008, after hitting 190 in 2014, so the PCCI adjustment slightly reduces the estimated 2015 costs compared to 2008 costs.
- 2.
This was the delivery method used to supply liquid hydrogen for the space program beginning in the 1950s and is used today to deliver liquid hydrogen to many warehouses with hydrogen-powered fuel cell material handling equipment such as fork-lift trucks.
- 3.
Although, as described above, the costs to transport liquid hydrogen hundreds or even thousands of mile is manageable.
- 4.
The fuel economy of gasoline vehicles will increase in the future as the auto companies are required to meet new fuel economy standards; thus most new gasoline vehicles will have to be hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) to meet these new standards. But the fuel economy of FCEVs will also undoubtedly increase over the 61.4 miles per kg estimate from Chap. 6, since many of the factors that will increase conventional vehicle fuel economy will also improve the fuel economy of FCEVs (reduced aerodynamic drag, reduced body weight, reduced cross-sectional area, etc.) In addition, the efficiency of the fuel cell system itself will most likely increase over time.
- 5.
See Appendix A for a description of the various carbon tax plans.
- 6.
The $16.54/tonne tax shown in Table 8.5 is for the first year of the Citizen’s Climate Lobby proposal.
- 7.
Although the costs of the liquid hydrogen stations are not included in Table 8.4, they are included in the cash flow statement used to calculate IRRs.
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Thomas, C.E.(. (2017). Economics of Hydrogen and Electricity Co-generation at IGCC Plants. In: Stopping Climate Change: the Case for Hydrogen and Coal. Lecture Notes in Energy, vol 35. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31655-0_8
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