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Contrast Media

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PET-CT and PET-MRI in Neurology

Abstract

Contrast media are pharmaceuticals commonly used to improve the visualization of radiological images. Contrast-enhanced imaging provides, noninvasively, anatomical, functional, and metabolic information on tissues and organs in vivo, offering a powerful tool to investigate both physiological and pathological processes. Particularly for neurology, the development of new contrast media has drastically improved our knowledge of the central nervous system (CNS) and has facilitated the diagnosis of many common brain diseases. In this chapter, we will focus on contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear imaging and their applications in neurology and basic neuroscience.

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Abbreviations

ASL:

Arterial spin labeling

CEST:

Chemical exchange

CNS:

Central nervous system

CT:

Computed tomography

DCE:

Dynamic contrast enhancement

DOTATOC:

1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-tyrosine-3-octreotide

DTI:

Diffusion tensor imaging

DTPA:

Diethylene-triamine-pentacetate

DWI:

Diffusion-weighted imaging

FDG:

2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose

FET:

Fluoroethyl-tyrosine

fMRI:

Functional MRI

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

PET:

Positron emission tomography

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

T1w:

T1 weighted

T2*:

T2 star

T2w:

T2 weighted

FAZA:

Fluoroazomycin-arabinoside

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Acknowledgments

Dr. Aime acknowledges MIUR (PRIN 2012SK7ASN) and AIRC (Investigator Grant IG 14565) for research support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, Turin, 10126, Italy

    Francesca Arena PhD, Silvio Aime PhD & Francesco Blasi PhD

  2. Center of Excellence for Preclinical Imaging, BioIndustry Park “Silvano Furnero”, Via Ribes 5, Colleretto Giacosa, 10010, Italy

    Francesca Arena PhD & Francesco Blasi PhD

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  1. Francesca Arena PhD
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Correspondence to Silvio Aime PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. S. Andrea Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Spezia, Italy

    Andrea Ciarmiello

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy

    Luigi Mansi

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Arena, F., Aime, S., Blasi, F. (2016). Contrast Media. In: Ciarmiello, A., Mansi, L. (eds) PET-CT and PET-MRI in Neurology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31614-7_5

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