Abstract
A miscarriage can be defined as a pregnancy that ends spontaneously before the foetus has reached a viable gestational age [26]. The term miscarriage is often utilised for both a clinical and a biochemical pregnancy loss. Clinical pregnancies are the ones that can be identified by ultrasound or histological evidence, while biochemical pregnancies occur earlier and can only be identified by a raised bHCG. In practice, the majority of biochemical pregnancy losses may go unnoticed. In fact, evidence suggests that the actual biochemical loss rate in the general population may even reach 60 % [3].
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adelberg AM, Kuller JA (2002) Trombophilias and recurrent miscarriage. Obstet Gynecol Surv 57:703–709
Bussolati G, Gugliotta P, Fulcheri E (1984) Immunohistochemistry of actin in normal and neoplastic tissues. In: DeLellis RA (ed) Advances in immunohistochemistry, vol 7, Masson monographs in diagnostic pathology. Masson Publishing, New York
Chard T (1991) Frequency of implantation and early pregnancy loss in natural cycles. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 5:179–189
Chen Y, Shen D, Gu Y, Zhong P, Xie J, Song Q (2012) The diagnostic value of Ki-67, P53 and P63 in distinguishing partial Hydatidiform mole from hydropic abortion. Wien Klin Wochenschr 124:184–187
Erfanian M, Sharifi N, Omidi AA (2009) P63 and Ki-67 expression in trophoblastic disease and spontaneous abortion. J Res Med Sci 14:375–384
Espinoza J, Romero R, Mee Kim Y, Kusanovic JP, Hassan S, Erez O, Gotsch F, Than NG, Papp Z, Jai Kim C (2006) Normal and abnormal transformation of the spiral arteries during pregnancy. J Perinat Med 34:447–458
Fujikura T, Froehlich LA, Driscoll SG (1966) A simplified anatomic classification of abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 95:902
Fulcheri E, Bulfamante G, Resta L, Taddei GL (2006) The embryo pathology and perinatal pathology in diagnostic anatomic pathology: what has changed and what needs to change. Pathologica 98:1–36
Fulcheri E, Mariuzzi GM (2008) Patologia della gravidanza. In: Mariuzzi GM (ed) Anatomia patologica e correlazioni anatomo-cliniche. Piccin Nuova Libraria, Padova
Jauniaux E, Farquharson RG, Christiansen OB, Exalto N (2006) Evidence-based guidelines for the investigation and medical treatment of recurrent miscarriage. Hum Reprod 21:2216–2222
Kaspi E, Guillet B, Piercecchi-Marti MD, Alfaidy N, Bretelle F, Bertaud-Foucault A, Stalin J, Rambeloson L, Lacroix O, Blot-Chabaud M, Dignat-George F, Bardin N (2013) Identification of soluble CD146 as a regulator of trophoblast migration: potential role in placental vascular development. Angiogenesis 16:329–342
Katabuchi H, Yih S, Ohba T, Matsui K, Takahashi K, Takeya M, Okamura H (2003) Characterization of macrophages in the decidual atherotic spiral artery with special reference to the cytology of foam cells. Med Electron Microsc 36:253–262
Krabbendam I, Francks A, Bots ML, Fijnheer R, Bruinse HW (2005) Thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss: a critical appraisal of the literature. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 118:143–153
Meroni PL, Gerosa M, Raschi E, Scurati S, Grossi C, Borghi MO (2008) Updating on the pathogenic mechanism 5 of the antiphospholipid antibodies-associated pregnancy loss. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 34:332–337
Miceli F, Minici F (2005) Effects of nicotine on human cells in vitro: a possible role on reproductive outcome for smoking women. Biol Reprod 72:628–632
Minguillon C, Eiben B, Bahr-Porsch S, Vogel M, Hansmann I (1989) The predictive value of chorionic villus histology for identifying chromosomally normal and abnormal spontaneous abortions. Hum Genet 82:373
Musizzano Y, Fulcheri E (2010) Decidual vascular patterns in first-trimester abortions. Virchows Arch 456:543–560
Nayar R, Lage JM (1996) Placental changes in a first trimester missed abortion in maternal systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome; a case report and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 27:201–206
Nogales FF, Beltran E, Fernandez PL (1992) The pathology of secondary human yolk sac in spontaneous abortion: findings in 103 cases. In: Fenoglio-Preiser CM, Wolff M, Rilke F (eds) Progress in surgical pathology. Field & Wood/Medical Publishers, Philadelphia
Nybo Andersen AM, Wohlfahrt J (2000) Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study. BMJ 320:1708–1712
O’Rahilly R, Muller F (1987) Developmental stages in human embryos. Carnegie Institute, Washington, Publication 637
O’Rahilly R, Müller F (2010) Developmental stages in human embryos: revised and new measurements. Cells Tissues Organs 192:73–84
Pijnenborg R, Bland JM, Robertson WB, Brosens I (1983) Uteroplacental arterial changes related to interstitial trophoblast migration in early human pregnancy. Placenta 4:397–413
Poland BJ, Miller JR, Harris M, Livingston J (1981) Spontaneous abortion: a study of 1961 women and their conceptuses. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl 102:1–32
Potdar N, Konje JC (2005) The endocrinological basis of recurrent miscarriages. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 17:424–428
Rai R, Regan L (2006) Recurrent miscarriage. Lancet 368:601–611
Rash V (2003) Cigarette, alcohol and caffeine consumption: risk factors for spontaneous abortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 82:182–188
Regan L, Braude PR (1989) Influence of past reproductive performance on risk of spontaneous abortion. BMJ 299:541–545
Rehder H, Coerdt W, Eggers R, Klink F, Schwinger E (1989) Is there a correlation between morphological and cytogenetic findings in placental tissue from early missed abortions? Hum Genet 82:377
Rey E, Kahn SR, David M, Shrier I (2003) Thrombophilic disorders and fetal loss: a meta-analysis. Lancet 361:901–908
Rushton DI (1984) The classification and mechanisms of spontaneous abortion. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 8:269
Sherer Y, Tartakover-Matalon S, Blank M, Matsuura E, Shoenfeldlt Y (2003) Multiple autoantibodies associated with autoimmune reproductive failure. J Assist Reprod Genet 20:53–57
Shoenfeldt Y, Blank M (2004) Autoantibodies associated with reproductive failure. Lupus 13:643–648
Stephenson MD, Awartani KA, Robinson WP (2002) Cytogenetic analysis of miscarriages from couples with recurrent miscarriage: a case–control study. Hum Reprod 17:446–451
Wang X, Chen C, Wang L, Wang L, Chen D, Guang W, French J (2003) Conception, early pregnancy loss, and time to clinical pregnancy: a population based prospective study. Fertil Steril 79:577–584
Yamada S, Samtani R, Lee E (2010) Developmental atlas of the early first trimester human embryo. Dev Dyn 239:1585–1595
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fulcheri, E., Brisigotti, M.P., Resta, L. (2016). Pathological Diagnosis of Abortions. In: Malvasi, A., Tinelli, A., Di Renzo, G. (eds) Management and Therapy of Early Pregnancy Complications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31377-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31377-1_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31375-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31377-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)