Abstract
Proformation is a portmanteau of pro duction/re formation––technological and political action for public access to the means of production on information infrastructures, be they satellite television systems or the internet. Proformers produce information for those reformed infrastructures, be it television programming or internet content. Proformations are also political. The term addresses the hybrid culture of information reform and information production at the interface of infrastructural praxis and communications rights. Proformers believe that the ability to access information infrastructures is a human right (Sithigh, Routledge Handbook of Media Law, 2012). It is a project for “media democratization” (Hackett and Carroll, Remaking Media: The Struggle to Democratize Public Communication, 2006; Klinenberg, Fighting for Air: The Battle to Control America’s Media, 2007; MacKinnon, Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Internet Freedom, 2012).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alston, A. 2002. Democracy Now! History in the Making. The Independent. Accessed March 20, 2012. http://www.aivf.org/node/5
Aufderheide, P. 1992. Cable Television and the Public Interest. Journal of Communication 42(1): 52–65.
Aufderheide, P., and J. Clark. 2010. GN Docket No. 10–25, FCC Launches Examination of the Future of Media and Information Needs of Communities in a Digital Age. Report submitted to the FCC. May 6. Accessed March 20, 2012. https://prodnet.www.neca.org/publicationsdocs/wwpdf/5610csm.pdf
Borgman, C. 2000. The Premise and Promise of a Global Information Infrastructure. First Monday 5(8).
Bourdieu, P. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Bourdieu, P., and L. Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Carroll, W.K. 2006. Hegemony, Counterhegemony, Antihegemony. Socialist Studies 2(2): 9–43. Accessed October 16, 2013. http://www.socialiststudies.com/index.php/sss/article/view/27
Dean, J. 2010. Blog Theory: Feedback and Capture in Circuits of Drive. Cambridge: Polity.
Dornfeld, B. 1998. Producing Public Television. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Dunbar-Hester, C. 2012. Soldering Towards Media Democracy: Technical Practice as Symbolic Value in Radio Activism. Journal of Communication Inquiry 36: 149–169.
Edwards, P., S. Jackson, G. Bowker, and C. Knobel. 2007. Understanding Infrastructure: Dynamics, Tensions, and Design. Report of a Workshop on History & Theory of Infrastructure: Lessons for New Scientific Cyberinfrastructures, NSF Grant 0630263 Human and Social Dynamics Computer and Information Science and Engineering Office of Cyberinfrastructure.
Exoo, C.F. 2009. The Pen and the Sword: Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Farabee, M. 2007. Cable TV Tuning Out the Left. Reclaim the Media. Accessed November 27, 2012. http://www.reclaimthemedia.org/index.php?q=broadband_cable/cable_tv_tuning_out_the_left=5288
Fish, A., L.F.R. Murillo, L. Nguyen, A. Panofsky, and C. Kelty. 2011. Birds of the Internet: A Field Guide to Understanding Action, Organization, and the Governance of Participation. The Journal of Cultural Economy 4(2): 157–187.
Foucault, M. 1991. Governmentality. In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, ed. Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Fraser, N. 1990. Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy. Social Text 25(26): 56–80.
Fuchs, C. 2010. Alternative Media as Critical Media. European Journal of Social Theory 13: 173–192.
Gillmor, D. 2006. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism, by the People, for the People. Sebastapol: O’Reilly.
Golumbia, D. 2013. Cyberlibertarianism: The Extreme Foundations of ‘Digital Freedom’. Accessed December 5, 2015. http://www.academia.edu/4429212/Cyberlibertarianism_The_Extremist_Foundations_of_Digital_Freedom
Habermas, J. 1992. Further Reflections on the Public Sphere. In Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. Craig Calhoun. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hackett, R.A., and W.K. Carroll. 2006. Remaking Media: The Struggle to Democratize Public Communication. New York: Routledge.
Halleck, D. 2002. Hand Held Visions: The Impossible Possibilities of Community Media. New York: Fordham University Press.
Hanseth, O. 2010. From Systems and Tools to Networks and Infrastructures—From Design to Cultivation: Towards a Design Theory of Information Infrastructures. Industrial Informatics design, Use and Innovation. 11: 122–156.
Hindman, M. 2009. The Myth of the Digital Divide. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kelty, C.M. 2005. Geeks, Internets, and Recursive Publics. Cultural Anthropology 20: 2.
———. 2008. Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software and the Internet. Durham: Duke University Press.
Klinenberg, E. 2007. Fighting for Air: The Battle to Control America’s Media. New York: Metropolitan Books.
Lanier, J. 2013. Who Owns the Future? New York: Allen Lane.
Lessig, L. 2000. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. New York: Basic Books.
MacKinnon, R. 2012. Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Internet Freedom. New York: Basic Books.
McChesney, R. 2008. The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Meng, B., and F. Wu. 2013. Commons/Commodity: Peer Production Caught in the Web of the Commercial Market. Information, Communication, & Society 16(1): 125–145.
Neubauer, R. 2011. Neoliberalism in the Information Age, or Vice Versa? Global Citizenship, Technology, and Hegemonic Ideology. TripleC 9(2): 195–230.
Ortner, S.B. 2013. Not Hollywood. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Pickard, V. 2011. The Battle over the FCC Blue Book: Determining the Role of Broadcast Media in a Democratic Society, 1945–1948. Media, Culture & Society 33(2): 171–191.
Powell, A. 2008. WiFi Publics: Producing Community and Technology. Information, Communication, and Society. 11(8): 1068–1088.
Schiller, D. 1999. Social Movement in Telecommunications: Rethinking the Public Service History of U.S. Telecommunications, 1804–1919. In Communication, Citizenship, and Social Policy, ed. A. Calabrese and J.C. Burgelman, 137–155. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
Schoonmaker, S. 2012. Hacking the Global: Constructing Markets and Commons Through Free Software. Information, Communication, and Society 15(4): 502–518.
Schwartz, J. 1995. Massive Rate Increase by Media Giant TCI Forces the 90’s Channel to Shut Down at Midnight November 1. Coalition for Networked Organization. Accessed March 20, 2013. http://old.cni.org/hforums/roundtable/1995-04/0090.html
———. 2002. Comments of Public Communicators, Inc. Before the FCC. CS Docket No. 01-348.
Sithigh, D.M. 2012. From Freedom of Speech to the Right to Communicate. In Routledge Handbook of Media Law, ed. Monroe Price, Stefan Verhulst, and Libby Morgan. New York: Routledge.
Starr, P. 2004. The Creation of the Media: Political Origins of Modern Communications. New York: Basic Books.
Sterne, J. 1999. Television Under Construction: American Television and the Problem of Distribution, 1926–62. Media, Culture, and Society 21: 503–530.
Streeter, T. 1996. Selling the Air: A Critique of the Policy of Commercial Broadcasting in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Warrick, J. 2011. Iran’s Natanz Nuclear Facility Recovered Quickly from Stuxnet Cyberattack. Washington Post. February 16.
Wu, T. 2010. The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires. New York: Knopf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fish, A. (2017). Corporate Liberalism and Video Producers. In: Technoliberalism and the End of Participatory Culture in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31256-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31256-9_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-31255-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-31256-9
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)