Skip to main content
  • 249 Accesses

Abstract

Proformation is a portmanteau of pro duction/re formation––technological and political action for public access to the means of production on information infrastructures, be they satellite television systems or the internet. Proformers produce information for those reformed infrastructures, be it television programming or internet content. Proformations are also political. The term addresses the hybrid culture of information reform and information production at the interface of infrastructural praxis and communications rights. Proformers believe that the ability to access information infrastructures is a human right (Sithigh, Routledge Handbook of Media Law, 2012). It is a project for “media democratization” (Hackett and Carroll, Remaking Media: The Struggle to Democratize Public Communication, 2006; Klinenberg, Fighting for Air: The Battle to Control America’s Media, 2007; MacKinnon, Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Internet Freedom, 2012).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alston, A. 2002. Democracy Now! History in the Making. The Independent. Accessed March 20, 2012. http://www.aivf.org/node/5

  • Aufderheide, P. 1992. Cable Television and the Public Interest. Journal of Communication 42(1): 52–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aufderheide, P., and J. Clark. 2010. GN Docket No. 10–25, FCC Launches Examination of the Future of Media and Information Needs of Communities in a Digital Age. Report submitted to the FCC. May 6. Accessed March 20, 2012. https://prodnet.www.neca.org/publicationsdocs/wwpdf/5610csm.pdf

  • Borgman, C. 2000. The Premise and Promise of a Global Information Infrastructure. First Monday 5(8).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P., and L. Wacquant. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll, W.K. 2006. Hegemony, Counterhegemony, Antihegemony. Socialist Studies 2(2): 9–43. Accessed October 16, 2013. http://www.socialiststudies.com/index.php/sss/article/view/27

  • Dean, J. 2010. Blog Theory: Feedback and Capture in Circuits of Drive. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dornfeld, B. 1998. Producing Public Television. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunbar-Hester, C. 2012. Soldering Towards Media Democracy: Technical Practice as Symbolic Value in Radio Activism. Journal of Communication Inquiry 36: 149–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, P., S. Jackson, G. Bowker, and C. Knobel. 2007. Understanding Infrastructure: Dynamics, Tensions, and Design. Report of a Workshop on History & Theory of Infrastructure: Lessons for New Scientific Cyberinfrastructures, NSF Grant 0630263 Human and Social Dynamics Computer and Information Science and Engineering Office of Cyberinfrastructure.

    Google Scholar 

  • Exoo, C.F. 2009. The Pen and the Sword: Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farabee, M. 2007. Cable TV Tuning Out the Left. Reclaim the Media. Accessed November 27, 2012. http://www.reclaimthemedia.org/index.php?q=broadband_cable/cable_tv_tuning_out_the_left=5288

  • Fish, A., L.F.R. Murillo, L. Nguyen, A. Panofsky, and C. Kelty. 2011. Birds of the Internet: A Field Guide to Understanding Action, Organization, and the Governance of Participation. The Journal of Cultural Economy 4(2): 157–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. 1991. Governmentality. In The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality, ed. Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, and Peter Miller. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, N. 1990. Rethinking the Public Sphere: A Contribution to the Critique of Actually Existing Democracy. Social Text 25(26): 56–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, C. 2010. Alternative Media as Critical Media. European Journal of Social Theory 13: 173–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillmor, D. 2006. We the Media: Grassroots Journalism, by the People, for the People. Sebastapol: O’Reilly.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golumbia, D. 2013. Cyberlibertarianism: The Extreme Foundations of ‘Digital Freedom’. Accessed December 5, 2015. http://www.academia.edu/4429212/Cyberlibertarianism_The_Extremist_Foundations_of_Digital_Freedom

  • Habermas, J. 1992. Further Reflections on the Public Sphere. In Habermas and the Public Sphere, ed. Craig Calhoun. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, R.A., and W.K. Carroll. 2006. Remaking Media: The Struggle to Democratize Public Communication. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halleck, D. 2002. Hand Held Visions: The Impossible Possibilities of Community Media. New York: Fordham University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanseth, O. 2010. From Systems and Tools to Networks and Infrastructures—From Design to Cultivation: Towards a Design Theory of Information Infrastructures. Industrial Informatics design, Use and Innovation. 11: 122–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hindman, M. 2009. The Myth of the Digital Divide. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelty, C.M. 2005. Geeks, Internets, and Recursive Publics. Cultural Anthropology 20: 2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2008. Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software and the Internet. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Klinenberg, E. 2007. Fighting for Air: The Battle to Control America’s Media. New York: Metropolitan Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanier, J. 2013. Who Owns the Future? New York: Allen Lane.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lessig, L. 2000. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, R. 2012. Consent of the Networked: The Worldwide Struggle for Internet Freedom. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • McChesney, R. 2008. The Political Economy of Media: Enduring Issues, Emerging Dilemmas. New York: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng, B., and F. Wu. 2013. Commons/Commodity: Peer Production Caught in the Web of the Commercial Market. Information, Communication, & Society 16(1): 125–145.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neubauer, R. 2011. Neoliberalism in the Information Age, or Vice Versa? Global Citizenship, Technology, and Hegemonic Ideology. TripleC 9(2): 195–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortner, S.B. 2013. Not Hollywood. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pickard, V. 2011. The Battle over the FCC Blue Book: Determining the Role of Broadcast Media in a Democratic Society, 1945–1948. Media, Culture & Society 33(2): 171–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, A. 2008. WiFi Publics: Producing Community and Technology. Information, Communication, and Society. 11(8): 1068–1088.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schiller, D. 1999. Social Movement in Telecommunications: Rethinking the Public Service History of U.S. Telecommunications, 1804–1919. In Communication, Citizenship, and Social Policy, ed. A. Calabrese and J.C. Burgelman, 137–155. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoonmaker, S. 2012. Hacking the Global: Constructing Markets and Commons Through Free Software. Information, Communication, and Society 15(4): 502–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, J. 1995. Massive Rate Increase by Media Giant TCI Forces the 90’s Channel to Shut Down at Midnight November 1. Coalition for Networked Organization. Accessed March 20, 2013. http://old.cni.org/hforums/roundtable/1995-04/0090.html

  • ———. 2002. Comments of Public Communicators, Inc. Before the FCC. CS Docket No. 01-348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sithigh, D.M. 2012. From Freedom of Speech to the Right to Communicate. In Routledge Handbook of Media Law, ed. Monroe Price, Stefan Verhulst, and Libby Morgan. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr, P. 2004. The Creation of the Media: Political Origins of Modern Communications. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterne, J. 1999. Television Under Construction: American Television and the Problem of Distribution, 1926–62. Media, Culture, and Society 21: 503–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Streeter, T. 1996. Selling the Air: A Critique of the Policy of Commercial Broadcasting in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Warrick, J. 2011. Iran’s Natanz Nuclear Facility Recovered Quickly from Stuxnet Cyberattack. Washington Post. February 16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, T. 2010. The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fish, A. (2017). Corporate Liberalism and Video Producers. In: Technoliberalism and the End of Participatory Culture in the United States. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31256-9_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics