Abstract
This chapter explorers the specifics of Islamophobia in Europe, mainly in several EU countries (United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Denmark), using results of case studies in the UK. Special focus is on at-risk youth groups and measures to prevent and counter-radicalization of the groups. Also, the chapter examines the current situation of Muslim communities in terms of the international human rights law, because it is evident that violations of human rights, including discrimination, racism, and xenophobia against Muslims destabilize situation both in Europe and Middle East. In the Europe of today there is a hazardous intertwining of two vulnerable factors: on the one hand, increasing political role of far-right parties and racial discrimination; from the other hand, the Muslim communities in Europe also face the process of radicalization and rise of intolerance.
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Notes
- 1.
Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe (2015): Retrieved from http://www.osce.org/mc/39530?download=true
- 2.
War Crimes Program (2015). Department of Justice of the Government of Canada. Retrieved on http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/wc-cdg/prog.html
- 3.
Brown, K.E. & Saeed T. (2015). Op.cit.
- 4.
Edmunds, J. The ‘New’ Barbarians: Governmentality, Securitization and Islam in Western Europe//Contemporary Islam 6 (1), 2012. (pp. 67–84).
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Atnashev, V.R. (2016). Impact of Islamophobia and Human Rights: The Radicalization of Muslim Communities. In: Dawoody, A. (eds) Eradicating Terrorism from the Middle East. Public Administration, Governance and Globalization, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31018-3_5
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