Abstract
This chapter articulates the challenge that educators, school leaders, and teacher educators face today in preparing learners for their future, given the reality of students’ and teachers’ lives today. It then provides a US perspective on teacher and leader preparation, specifically related to the use of ICT and goals of preparing individuals for twenty-first century expectations. It explores the pressures, issues, regulations, challenges, and goals of preparing educators and leaders for the schools our students need. Through a review of the extant literature and current trends, readers will gain knowledge of best practices and recommendations for future steps.
Keywords
- Twenty-first century schools
- ICT
- Teacher preparation
- School leadership
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Adamy, P., & Heinecke, W. (2005). The influence of organizational culture on technology integration in teacher education. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 13(2), 233–255.
Ainsa, T. (2013). Early childhood teachers’ response to mobile technology: Creative projects, analysis, and reflection on learning experiences. Education, 134(2), 161–166.
Becker, H. J. (1985a). How schools use microcomputers: Summary of the 1983 National Survey. The Johns Hopkins University Center for Social Organization of Schools. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED257448.pdf.
Becker, H. J. (1985b, July). The second national survey of instructional use of school computers: A preliminary report. Paper presented at the World Conference on Computers in Education, Norfolk, VA, July 1985.
Becker, H. J. (1991). How computers are used in United States schools: Basic data from the 1989 I.E.A. computers in education survey. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 7(4), 385–406.
Becker, H. J. (2000). Findings from the teaching, learning, and computing survey: Is Larry Cuban right? Retrieved from http://www.crito.uci.edu/tlc/findings/ccsso.pdf.
Cifuentes, L., Maxwell, G., & Bulu, S. (2011). Technology integration through professional learning community. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44(1), 59–82.
Collis, B. (1996). The Internet as an educational innovation: Lessons from experience with computer implementation. Educational Technology, 36(6), 21–30.
Cox, M. J., Niederhauser, D. S., Castillo, N., McDougall, A. B., Sakamoto, T., & Roesvik, S. (2013). Researching IT in education. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29, 474–486. doi:10.1111/jcal.12035.
Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). The flat world and education: How America’s commitment to equity will determine our future. New York: Teachers College Press.
David, J. (1991). Restructuring and technology: Partners in change. Phi Delta Kappan, 73(1), 37–40. 78–82.
David, J. L. (1994). Realizing the promise of technology: A policy perspective. In B. Means (Ed.), Technology and education reform (pp. 169–190). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Davies, A. (2004). Finding proof of learning in a one-to-one computing classroom. Courtenay, BC: Connections Publishing.
Dwyer, D., Ringstaff, C., & Sandholtz, J. (1991). Changes in teachers’ beliefs and practices in technology-rich classrooms. Educational Leadership, 48(8), 45–52.
Ertmer, P. A., Bai, H., Dong, C., Khalil, M., Park, S. H., & Wang, L. (2002). Online professional development: Building administrators’ capacity for technology leadership. Journal of Computer in Teacher Education, 19, 5–11.
Ertmer, P. A., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2010). Teacher technology change: How knowledge, confidence, beliefs, and culture intersect. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(3), 255–284.
Ertmer, P. A., Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T., Sadik, O., Sendurur, E., & Sendurur, P. (2012). Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship. Computers & Education, 59, 423–435.
Eyyam, R., & Yaratan, H. S. (2014). Impact of use of technology in mathematics lessons on student achievement and attitudes. Social Behavior and Personality, 42(12), 31S–42S. doi:10.2224/sbp.2014.42.0.S31.
Fairman, J. (2004). Trading roles: Teachers and students learn with technology. Orono, ME: Maine Education Policy Research Institute/University of Maine Office.
Fullan, M. (2013). Stratosphere: Integrating technology, pedagogy, and change knowledge. Toronto, ON: Pearson.
Fullan, M., & Langworthy, M. (2014). A rich seam: How new pedagogies find deep learning. London: Pearson. Retrieved from http://www.newpedagogies.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/A_Rich_Seam.pdf.
Gerard, L. F., Bowyer, J. B., & Linn, M. C. (2008). Principal leadership for technology-enhanced learning in science. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 17, 1–18.
Gray, L., Thomas, N., & Lewis, L. (2010). Teachers’ use of educational technology in U.S. public schools: 2009 (NCES 2010-040). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics/Institute of Education Sciences/U.S. Department of Education.
Harris, J. B., & Hofer, M. J. (2011). Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in action: A descriptive study of secondary teachers’ curriculum based, technology-related instructional planning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(3), 211–229.
Hartsell, T., Herron, S. S., Fang, H., & Rathod, A. (2010). Improving teachers’ self-confidence in learning technology skills and math education through professional development. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, 6(2), 47–61. doi:10.4018/jicte.2010040105.
Hatch, M. (2014). The Maker Movement Manifesto: Rules for innovation in the new world of crafters, hackers, and tinkerers. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hilliard, A., & Jackson, B. T. (2011). Current trends in educational leadership for student success plus facilities planning and designing. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 4(1), 1–8.
Jones, B. F., Valdez, G., Nowakowski, J., & Rasmussen, C. (1995). Plugging in: Choosing and using educational technology. Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Lab/Council for Educational Development and Research. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED415837.
Karchmer, R. A. (2001). The journey ahead: Thirteen teachers report how the internet influences literacy and literacy instruction in their K-12 classrooms. Reading Research Quarterly, 36(4), 442–466.
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2008). Introducing TPCK. In AACTE Committee on Innovation and Technology (Ed.), The handbook of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) for educators (pp. 3–29). New York: American Association of Colleges of Teacher Education and Routledge.
Kopcha, T. J. (2010). A systems-based approach to technology integration using mentoring and communities of practice. Educational Technology Research & Development, 58, 175–190.
Kozma, R. B. (2003). Technology and classroom practices: An international study. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 36(1), 1–14.
Kozma, R. B. (2008). Comparative analysis of policies for ICT in education. In G. Knezek & J. Voogt (Eds.), International handbook on information technology in education (pp. 1083–1096). New York: Springer.
Leithwood, K., Jantzi, D., & McElheron-Hopkins, C. (2006). The development and testing of a school improvement model. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(4), 441–464.
Levin, B. B., & Schrum, L. (2012). Leading technology-rich schools: Award-winning models for success. New York: Teachers College Press.
Martin, R. L., Bowden, N. S., & Merrill, C. (2014). 3D printing in technology and engineering education. Technology and Engineering Teacher, 73(8), 30–35.
Martinez, S. L., & Stager, G. S. (2013). Invent to learn: Making, tinkering, and engineering in the classroom. Torrance, CA: Constructing Modern Knowledge Press.
Mayrowetz, D. (2008). Making sense of distributed leadership: Exploring the multiple usages of the concept in the field. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(3), 424–435. doi:10.1177/0013161X07309480.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teacher College Record, 108, 1017–1054.
Nagel, D. (2014). Spending on instructional tech to reach $19 billion within 5 years. The Journal. Retrieved from http://thejournal.com/articles/2014/06/11/spending-on-instructional-tech-to-reach-19-billion-within-5-years.aspx.
Niederhauser, D. S., & Schmidt-Crawford, D. A. (2013, April). Affects of an elementary school one-to-one initiative on teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and practices. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, CA.
Niederhauser, D. S., & Stoddart, T. (2001). Teachers’ instructional perspectives and use of educational software. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(1), 15–31. doi:10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00036-6.
Office of Technology Assessment. (1988). Power on! New tools for teaching and learning summary. Washington, DC: Office of Technology Assessment.
Office of Technology Assessment. (1995). Teachers and technology: Making the connection. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2010). The policy debate about technology in education: Are the new millennium learners making the grade? Technology use and educational performance in PISA 2006. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/Centre for Educational Research and Innovation Publishing. 10.1787/9789264076044-4-en
Overbay, A., Mollette, M., & Vasu, E. S. (2011). A technology plan that works: Administrators should keep five lessons in mind as they implement new technology initiatives. Educational Leadership, 68(5), 56–59.
Papert, S. (1980). Children, computers, and powerful ideas. New York: Basic Books.
Parsad, B., Lewis, L., & Farris, E. (2000). Teacher preparation and professional development: 2000 (NCES 2001–088). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics/Institute of Education Sciences/U.S. Department of Education.
Partnership for 21st Century Learning. (2015). Framework for 21 st Century Learning. Retrieved from http://www.p21.org/our-work/p21-framework
Penuel, W. R. (2006). Implementation and effects of one-to-one computing initiatives. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(3), 329–348. doi:10.1080/15391523.2006.10782463.
Peppler, K., & Bender, S. (2013). Maker movement spreads innovation one project at a time. Kappan, 95(3), 22–27.
Project Tomorrow. (2008). 21st century learners deserve a 21st century education. Selected national findings of the Speak Up 2007 survey. Retrieved from http://www.tomorrow.org/speakup/speakup_congress_2007.html
Ravitch, D. (2010). The life and death of the great American school system: How testing and choice are undermining education. New York: Basic Books.
Russell, M. (2006). Technology and assessment: The tale of two interpretations. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Sandholtz, J., Ringstaff, C., & Dwyer, D. (1997). Teaching with technology: Creating student-centered classrooms. New York: Teachers College Press.
Schrum, L. (1999). Technology professional development for teachers. Educational Technology Research & Development, 47(4), 83–90.
Schrum, L., & Levin, B. B. (2012). Evidence-based strategies for leading 21st century schools. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Schrum, L., & Levin, B. (2015). Leading a 21st century school: Harnessing technology for engagement and achievement (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Senge, P., Cambron-McCabe, N., Lucas, T., Smith, B., Dutton, J., & Kleiner, A. (2000). Schools that learn. New York: Doubleday/Currency.
Senge, P., Kleiner, A., Roberts, C., Ross, R., Roth, G., & Smith, B. (1999). The dance of change. New York: Doubleday.
Sheingold, K. (1991). Restructuring for learning with technology: The potential for synergy. Phi Delta Kappan, 73(1), 17–26.
Shulman, L. S. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14.
Skinner, B. F. (1984). The shame of American education. American Psychologist, 39(9), 947–954.
Spillane, J. P., Halverson, R., & Diamond, J. B. (2001). Investigating school leadership practice: A distributed perspective. Educational Researcher, 30(3), 23–28.
Vanderlinde, R., & van Braak, J. (2013). Technology planning in schools: An integrated research based model. British Journal of Educational Technology, 44(1), 14–17. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8535.2012.01321.x.
Wagner, T. (2010). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don’t teach the new survival skills our children need—And what we can do about it. New York: Basic Books.
Wenglinsky, H. (1998). Does it compute? The relationship between educational technology and student achievement in mathematics. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
Wenglinsky, H. (2005). Using technology wisely: The keys to success in schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schrum, L., Niederhauser, D.S., Strudler, N. (2016). Competencies, Challenges, and Changes: A US Perspective on Preparing Twenty-First Century Teachers and Leaders. In: Spector, J., Ifenthaler, D., Sampson, D., Isaias, P. (eds) Competencies in Teaching, Learning and Educational Leadership in the Digital Age. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30295-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30295-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30293-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30295-9
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)
