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Pathophysiology and Anatomical Spreads of Infection

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Abstract

Cranial osteomyelitis develops as a logical consequence of the anatomic relationships of the skull structures and the infectious organisms. Over time, major changes and modifications have been introduced to improve the diagnosis accuracy and treatment of cranial bone osteomyelitis. Many of these changes have been based on a better understanding of the pathophysiologic basis of skull bone infection. Pathogens may reach the skull bone using various conceivable portals of entry and mechanisms of spread in order to establish infection. The most usual possibilities are secondary to direct inoculation (by surgical manipulation or trauma), following contiguous source of adjacent infection (mainly paranasal sinusitis) or via hematogenous bloodborne route. Cranial bones are unique from other bones of the body. The danger of their infection stems from their closeness to the meninges and brain structures and the possibility of spreading disease both extracranially and intracranially. A brief review of these unique anatomic relationships is fundamental to understand the pathophysiology, varieties of clinico-pathological presentations and potential complications associated with this disease. A simple new classification about skull osteomyelitis is also proposed to allow physicians to speak a uniform language globally related to different anatomic stages of this disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery Avicenne Military Hospital of Marrakech, University of Mohammed V in Rabat, Marrakech, Morocco

    Ali Akhaddar

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  1. Ali Akhaddar
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Akhaddar, A. (2016). Pathophysiology and Anatomical Spreads of Infection. In: Cranial Osteomyelitis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30268-3_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30268-3_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30266-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-30268-3

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