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Microfluidics for High-Throughput Cellular Isolation and Analysis in Biomedicine

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Abstract

Rare or low-abundance cells in a much larger population of background cells require extremely accurate as well as high-throughput selection and enumeration for a variety of biomedical applications. Conventional bench-top techniques have limited capabilities to isolate and analyze these rare cells because of their generally low selectivity, significant sample loss, and limited ability for bulk measurements in heterogeneous cell populations. Microfluidics has enabled facile handling of minute sample volumes and massively parallel multiplexing capabilities for high-throughput processing, making this platform excellent to deal with the transport, isolation, and analysis of rare cells. We classify the microfluidic rare cell isolation techniques based on the manner in which they achieve isolation through taking advantage of differences in cell properties such as size, surface marker expression, and behavior. In this chapter, we focus on recently published work utilizing microfluidic isolation techniques for circulating tumor cells (CTCs), immune cells, pathogens, and stem cells. We also cover methodologies for analyzing rare cell phenotypes, including migration patterns, using microfluidic platforms with integrated biosensors. Finally, we discuss future applications for microfluidic technology in advancing human health and basic biological understanding of rare cell types, such as CTCs.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Mark Lenzi for his assistance with figure editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Life Sciences 1 Building, Room 221, 970 Washington St. SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Caroline N. Jones Ph.D.

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wentworth Institute of Technology, 550 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Joseph M. Martel-Foley Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Caroline N. Jones Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Chang Lu

  2. Dpt of Biomedical Engg. & Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA

    Scott S. Verbridge

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Jones, C.N., Martel-Foley, J.M. (2016). Microfluidics for High-Throughput Cellular Isolation and Analysis in Biomedicine. In: Lu, C., Verbridge, S. (eds) Microfluidic Methods for Molecular Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30019-1_14

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