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B Cell Biology

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Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology

Abstract

B cells, central players in the adaptive immune response, produce antibodies and are essential for protective immunity. This chapter provides an overview of the current understanding of B cell biology for the dermatologist and cutaneous biologist. Antibody structure and function are reviewed in detail, outlining the varied antigenic targets of antibodies, enumerating the many effector functions of antibodies and describing how these effector functions differ by antibody isotype. Additionally, an overview of the complement system is provided, highlighting its role in the immune response and mechanisms of its activation. B cell development is summarized, with a focus on generation of the antibody repertoire and establishment of tolerance to self-antigens. Current therapeutic mechanisms of targeted B cell depletion are described and biological caveats of their use are discussed. An overview of the B cell response to infection is presented, highlighting the role of B cell – T cell interactions, formation of the germinal center response and the role of regulatory B cells. Finally, the formation, function and maintenance of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells, key components of durable immunity, are reviewed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. David Allman for critical reading of the manuscript, Sara Whitaker for expert assistance with figure design and the Navaratnam-Tomayko crew for infectious zest and zeal.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Saheli Sadanand PhD

  2. Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 208059, CT, 06520, USA

    Mary M. Tomayko MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Saheli Sadanand PhD
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  2. Mary M. Tomayko MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mary M. Tomayko MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

    Anthony A. Gaspari

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Stephen K. Tyring

  3. Department of Dermatology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

    Daniel H. Kaplan

Questions

Questions

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is true of class-switch recombination?

    1. A.

      It affects the rearranged V(D)J

    2. B.

      It uses the RAG enzymes

    3. C.

      It is an irreversible process

    4. D.

      A single variable region cannot elicit a number of different effector functions

  2. 2.

    Which is the only secreted immunoglobulin isotype that can pentamerize?

    1. A.

      IgA

    2. B.

      IgD

    3. C.

      IgE

    4. D.

      IgG

    5. E.

      IgM

  3. 3.

    Which immunoglobulin isotype has the longest half life?

    1. A.

      IgA

    2. B.

      IgD

    3. C.

      IgE

    4. D.

      IgG

    5. E.

      IgM

  4. 4.

    All three complement pathways converge on which common intermediate protease?

    1. A.

      C3 convertase

    2. B.

      alpha/beta hydrolase

    3. C.

      alkaline phosphatase

    4. D.

      serine protease

    5. E.

      GTPase

  5. 5.

    Which of the following is not a characteristic of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

    1. A.

      expression of Foxp3

    2. B.

      expression of CD25

    3. C.

      production of IL10

    4. D.

      expression of the IL-2 receptor

    5. E.

      expression of CD80

Answers

  1. 1.

    C

  2. 2.

    E

  3. 3.

    D

  4. 4.

    A

  5. 5.

    E

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Sadanand, S., Tomayko, M.M. (2017). B Cell Biology. In: Gaspari, A., Tyring, S., Kaplan, D. (eds) Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29785-9_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29785-9_7

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29785-9

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