Abstract
This paper presents a historical review of the significance of Duddell ‘Singing-arc’ in the context of its application of deleterious effects in the control of both hysteresis and spatial-temporal stability as the two-electrode valve evolved into the three-electrode triode vacuum tube. The use of oscillograph Lissajous figure in I-V plane, Q-V plane and harmonic plane in investigating of these deleterious effects within modern low-pressure parallel-plate systems and atmospheric pressure plasma system are illustrated and compared the hysteresis and stability within the ‘Singing arc’. The development from the original oscillograph measurement today’s analog, digital, and software methods of measurement is considered. The question, whether the ‘Signing-arc’ and other plasma systems fall in the category of a memory element is discussed.
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Patterns produced by intersection of two sinusoidal curves the axes of which are at right angles to each other were first studied by Nathaniel Bowditch in 1815, and later by Jules-Antoine Lissajous in 1857–1858.
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This research is partially support by the Irish Centre for Composites Research (IComp).
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Law, V.J., Graham, W.G., Dowling, D.P. (2016). Plasma Hysteresis and Instability: A Memory Perspective. In: Skiadas, C. (eds) The Foundations of Chaos Revisited: From Poincaré to Recent Advancements. Understanding Complex Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29701-9_9
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