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4 Disturbance in Natural Ecosystems: Scaling from Fungal Diversity to Ecosystem Functioning

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Environmental and Microbial Relationships

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume IV))

Abstract

The unique structure and physiology of fungi make them sensitive and resilient in the face of natural disturbance. The impact of disturbance on a fungal community depends on the disturbance type, scale, and frequency. As fungi play key roles in nutrient turnover and plant nutrition, disturbances alter the fungal community feedback to impact ecosystem dynamics through changes to nutrient cycling and alterations to plant diversity. In general, small-scale disturbances increase heterogeneity in pattern and process across landscapes with great potential to increase diversity, while catastrophic disturbances decrease diversity. As communities reestablish on devastated sites, similarity to pre-disturbance fungal communities depends on the availability of propagules or transport from adjacent sources. The type of fungal community that reestablishes on a given site can alter and is further altered by the reestablishing plant community structure and nutrient dynamics across the landscape. We suggest ultimately that understanding the roles of disturbances in structuring fungal communities and the feedbacks from fungal communities to ecosystem functioning are crucial to understanding ecosystems and the impacts of larger global scale anthropogenic disturbances on natural systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Bradley University, 1501 W. Bradley Avenue, Peoria, IL, 61625, USA

    S. J. Morris

  2. Department of Biology, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA

    C. F. Friese

  3. Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    M. F. Allen

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  1. S. J. Morris
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  2. C. F. Friese
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  3. M. F. Allen
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Correspondence to S. J. Morris .

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  1. Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Irina S. Druzhinina

  2. Institute of Chemical Engineering, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Christian P. Kubicek

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Morris, S.J., Friese, C.F., Allen, M.F. (2016). 4 Disturbance in Natural Ecosystems: Scaling from Fungal Diversity to Ecosystem Functioning. In: Druzhinina, I., Kubicek, C. (eds) Environmental and Microbial Relationships. The Mycota, vol IV. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29532-9_4

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