Abstract
Password-Authenticated Key Exchange allows users to generate a strong cryptographic key based on a shared “human-memorable” password without requiring a public-key infrastructure. It is one of the most widely used and fundamental cryptographic primitives. Unfortunately, mass password theft from organizations is continually in the news and, even if passwords are salted and hashed, brute force breaking of password hashing is usually very successful in practice.
In this paper, we propose two efficient protocols where the password database is somehow shared among two servers (or more), and authentication requires a distributed computation involving the client and the servers. In this scenario, even if a server compromise is doable, the secret exposure is not valuable to the adversary since it reveals only a share of the password database and does not permit to brute force guess a password without further interactions with the parties for each guess. Our protocols rely on smooth projective hash functions and are proven secure under classical assumption in the standard model (i.e. do not require idealized assumption, such as random oracles).
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Notes
- 1.
Our schemes can be adapted to achieve security in universal composability framework using techniques similar to those used in [CEN15]. The resulting schemes are slightly more efficient but are unfortunately still not practical.
- 2.
Note that the gateway can be merged with one server.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by the French ANR Project ANR-14-CE28-0003 EnBiD.
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Blazy, O., Chevalier, C., Vergnaud, D. (2016). Mitigating Server Breaches in Password-Based Authentication: Secure and Efficient Solutions. In: Sako, K. (eds) Topics in Cryptology - CT-RSA 2016. CT-RSA 2016. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 9610. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29485-8_1
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