Decentralisation in the German Context: An Assessment of Governance Actors and Approaches ‘from Below’

Abstract

This article highlights the concept of decentralisation in the German context. Besides some more general thoughts on the main determinants of successful decentralisation, the introduction links the discussion on decentralisation to considerations on existing bureaucratic power structures and emerging governance approaches. Based on that, the authors compare formal, established aspects of decentralisation by discussing administrative structures and the bureaucratic role and function of the county (Kreis) level to more informal, temporary, innovative concepts of decentralisation in order to better meet citizens’ expectations and needs. The last-mentioned aspects are illustrated by some German examples of recent regional development approaches, which the authors have been involved in as researchers and advisors. The comparison illustrates that established federal structures that so far guarantee a well-balanced allocation of resources and tasks can ideally be complemented by additional bottom-up initiatives. The combination of both empowers regions and unveils new potentials for power sharing between higher and subordinate planning and administration levels.