Abstract
The eye is housed in a bony orbit, anchored by extraocular muscles and multiple layers of soft tissue. The globe is comprised of several layers including the sclera, uvea, and retina. The refractive elements of the eye include the lens and cornea, which provide refractive power necessary to focus light on the retina.
On a micro-molecular level, the intraocular environment is immunologically naïve. This sequestration is maintained by a complex series of active and passive transporters. Other biochemical elements, namely, enzymatic reactions and pH, dictate the level of metabolism in the eye. The unique nature of ocular anatomy and physiology presents similarly unique challenges for ophthalmic drug delivery. Thorough understanding of these clinically relevant facets may be important in developing solutions for drug delivery.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chalam KV (2011) Fundamentals and principles of ophthalmology: section 2, 2011–2012. American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, Print
Henderer J, Rapuano C (2011) Ocular pharmacology. In: Goodman and Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, 12th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York, chapter 64
Yanoff M, Duker JS (2014) Ophthalmology, 4th edn. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia/Pennsylvania, Print
Bores LD (2008) Ocular anatomy – anterior segment. Ocular anatomy, 15 Jan 2008. Web. 08 Oct 2014
Zimmerman TJ (1997) Textbook of ocular pharmacology. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, Print
Netland PA (2007) Ocular pharmacology. In: Glaucoma medical therapy principles and management, 2nd edn. Oxford UP In Cooperation with the American Academy of Ophthalmology, New York, p 13, Print
Ron Melton OD, Randall Thomas OD (2014) A clinical guide to ophthalmic drugs. Rev Optom:1A–34A. Review of Optometry. Bausch and Lomb. Web. 10 Aug. 2014 https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/publications/clinical-guide-to-ophthalmic-drugs2014
Mantych GJ (1993) Characterization of glucose transporter isoforms in the adult and developing human eye. Endocrinology 133(2):600–607, PubMed. Web. 5 May 2014
Kumagai AK, Glasgow BJ, Pardridge WM (1994) GLUT1 glucose transporter expression in the diabetic and nondiabetic human eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35(6):2887–894, Web. 7 July 2014
Gaudana R, Jwala J, Boddu SHS, Mitra AK (2009) Recent perspectives in ocular drug delivery. Pharm Res 26(5):1197–216, Web
Levin LA, Francis Heed A (2011) Adler’s physiology of the eye, 11th edn. Saunders/Elsevier, Edingburg, Print
Molokhia SA, Thomas SC, Garff KJ, Mandell KJ, Wirostko BM (2013) Anterior eye segment drug delivery systems: current treatments and future challenges. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 29(2):92–105, Web. 17 July 2014
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sangave, N.A., Preuss, C., Pathak, Y. (2016). Pharmacological Considerations in Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. In: Pathak, Y., Sutariya, V., Hirani, A. (eds) Nano-Biomaterials For Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29346-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29346-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29344-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29346-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)