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Allergenic Microfungi and Human Health: A Review on Exposure, Sensitization, and Sequencing Allergenic Proteins

  • Chapter
Biology of Microfungi

Part of the book series: Fungal Biology ((FUNGBIO))

  • 2356 Accesses

Abstract

This current time is very interesting in the relation of allergic microfungi and medicine. New genomic information is causing dramatic changes in our understanding of the relationships of these organisms—even to the point that scientific names of common organisms have changed and some organisms have been assigned altered taxonomic associations. This has resulted in some treatments and preparations for testing based on FDA-approved names and associations being discordant with accepted scientific nomenclature. Yet, these same advancements in technology have resulted in dramatically improved ability to identify fungal presence and understand fungal ecology. The ability to recognize the presence of specific fungi in individual micro-environments via DNA sequences has become well advanced. And, the ability to recognize and identify specific organisms in the environment is gradually moving from a matter of expert speculation to a matter of exact DNA evidence. In addition the identification of new mechanisms such as Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) and NOD-Like Receptors (NLRs) whereby fungal metabolites and constituents (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) can interact with and alter the human immune system is beginning to improve the understanding of many fungal related disease processes. So, in spite of all the problems, the field is advancing and new knowledge gained by sequencing is contributing to an appreciation of the fungal biome and an understanding of the consequences of the interaction of humans and fungi. There is no reason to expect that these advances will not accelerate into the future as practical applications catch up with scientific advances. In this chapter, we will place many of these advancements into historical context and attempt to provide a background whereby the reader can begin to understand the implications of future discoveries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Allergy Asthma and Immunology, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA

    Mercedes Amado M.D.

  2. University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Mercedes Amado M.D. & Charles Barnes Ph.D.

  3. Division of Allergy/Immunology Laboratory, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA

    Charles Barnes Ph.D.

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Correspondence to Charles Barnes Ph.D. .

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  1. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT, USA

    De-Wei Li

  2. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

    De-Wei Li

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Amado, M., Barnes, C. (2016). Allergenic Microfungi and Human Health: A Review on Exposure, Sensitization, and Sequencing Allergenic Proteins. In: Li, DW. (eds) Biology of Microfungi. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_17

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