Abstract
This paper deals with three parts: The first deals with a discussion on the US Mexico Border Region. The second part deals with a theoretical frame for the analysis of vulnerability of migrants as subjects of human rights. The third deals with circularity of Migration at the US Mexico Border Area. Data on the last 9 years of circularity through the US Mexico Border is presented in several tables and graphs. As section is also included on Central American Immigration and US politics of Immigration. This last part ends with a discussion on the “Dreamers”, namely, Mexican undocumented immigrants that were brought to the United States at earlier ages by their parents.
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Notes
- 1.
On June 25 of 2012, the US Supreme Court issued a decision confirming in part the “exclusionary clause” of the federal government over State and local authorities to deal with migration matters. That US Supreme Court decision left the Arizona Law upheld on the so called “show me your papers” part, to the frustration of pro immigrant groups (Liptak 2012).
- 2.
Much has been written about Weber’s theoretical notion of a rational behavior as one oriented by ends (Muse 1981). Here, “ideal type” is understood as a theoretical construct with elements of reality (that of a US employer) but with no empirical basis necessarily.
- 3.
The migrant’s socialization experience includes not only learning about the Gemeinten Sinn of labor relations in which context occur the Mexican migration phenomenon, but the learning about the asymmetrical role of a farm worker vis the American Employer (Galarza 1964).
- 4.
Max Weber’s “Basic concepts,” (Guenther and Weber 1978). In contrast with Talcott Parsons translation of Gemeinten Sinn as “subjective meaning, here it is understood, as: the intersubjective meaning shared by the members of a community. This interpretation deviates from Parsons’ psychological orientation where its datum lies in the mind. This different interpretation is based on behavior as its epistemological basis. This view, away from psychology, coincides with Kenneth Muse’s (1981).
- 5.
An extensive elaboration of a theoretical approach to the notion of circularity of migration appears in J.A. Bustamante (1997). Cruzar la Línea, La migración de Mexico a los Estados Unidos. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, D.F., pp. 318–363.
- 6.
An illustration of the descriptive approach to the circular migration can be found in the, “EMN Studies”. See: http://www.emn.europa.eu.
- 7.
An elaboration of the concept of migrant’s vulnerability appears in: J.A. Bustamante (2002). Migración Internacional y Derechos Humanos. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM. Mexico, D.F.
- 8.
These are subtitles of denunciations through op-ed pieces by the author, published by a major Mexican News Paper (Reforma): “Campeon violador”, p. 11, April 22, 2008; “Sobre la Ineptitud”, p. 13, August 26, 2008; “Fuente Ovejuna”, p. 17, Oct. 14, 2008.
- 9.
See Opus cit. footnote 11 p.
- 10.
On June 15, 2012, President Obama announced that the U.S. would not deport certain “dreamers”. These youth will be given a type of temporary permission to stay in the United States called “deferred action”.
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Bustamante, J.A. (2016). Mexican Immigration to the United States and the Vulnerability of Migrants and Their Circularity. In: Solé, C., Parella, S., Martí, T., Nita, S. (eds) Impact of Circular Migration on Human, Political and Civil Rights. United Nations University Series on Regionalism, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28896-3_4
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