Abstract
For decades, primary surgery and radiotherapy (RT) alone were two treatment options for potentially curable esophageal cancer. Outcomes were poor, with most patients developing recurrent disease with associated morbidity and mortality. Both treatment options evolved over time as a result of better staging [1–3] and improved surgical [4–6] and radiation techniques [7, 8]. Furthermore, the addition of chemotherapy (CT) to RT and the combination of surgical and nonsurgical approaches were important developments in the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, due to a lack of high-quality evidence, treatment of choice for esophageal cancer still remains controversial. Institutional preferences and clinical opinions still dominate the applied treatments. In this chapter, we give an overview of the role of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in the treatment of adenocarcinomas (AC) of the distal esophagus and esophagogastric junction (EGJ).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lightdale CJ (1992) Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis, staging and follow-up of esophageal and gastric cancer. Endoscopy 24(Suppl 1):297–303
Block MI et al (1997) Improvement in staging of esophageal cancer with the addition of positron emission tomography. Ann Thorac Surg 64(3):770–776; discussion 776–777
Hulscher JB et al (2000) Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography in staging carcinoma of the gastric cardia. Eur J Surg 166(11):862–865
Skinner DB et al (1986) Selection of operation for esophageal cancer based on staging. Ann Surg 204(4):391–401
Van Lanschot JJ et al (1999) Randomized comparison of prevertebral and retrosternal gastric tube reconstruction after resection of oesophageal carcinoma. Br J Surg 86(1):102–108
Hulscher JBF et al (2002) Extended transthoracic resection compared with limited transhiatal resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 347(21):1662–1669
Gaspar LE et al (1997) A phase I/II study of external beam radiation, brachytherapy and concurrent chemotherapy in localized cancer of the esophagus (RTOG 92-07): preliminary toxicity report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 37(3):593–599
Toita T et al (2001) Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of thoracic esophagus: feasibility and outcome of large regional field and high-dose external beam boost irradiation. Jpn J Clin Oncol 31(8):375–381
Siewert JR, Stein HJ (1998) Classification of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction. Br J Surg 85(11):1457–1459
Grotenhuis BA et al (2013) Preoperative assessment of tumor location and station-specific lymph node status in patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. World J Surg 37(1):147–155
Tannock IF (1996) Treatment of cancer with radiation and drugs. J Clin Oncol 14(12):3156–3174
Hennequin C, Favaudon V (2002) Biological basis for chemo-radiotherapy interactions. Eur J Cancer 38(2):223–230
Seiwert TY, Salama JK, Vokes EE (2007) The concurrent chemoradiation paradigm--general principles. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 4(2):86–100
Earlam R, Cunha-Melo JR (1980) Oesophogeal squamous cell carcinoma: II. A critical view of radiotherapy. Br J Surg 67(7):457–461
Herskovic A et al (1992) Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in patients with cancer of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 326(24):1593–1598
Cooper JS et al (1999) Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85-01). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. JAMA. 281(17):1623–7
Minsky BD et al (2002) INT 0123 (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 94-05) phase III trial of combined-modality therapy for esophageal cancer: high-dose versus standard-dose radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 20(5):1167–1174
Wong R, Malthaner R (2006) Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy (without surgery) compared with radiotherapy alone in localized carcinoma of the esophagus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1, CD002092
Markar SR et al (2014) Evolution of standardized clinical pathways: refining multidisciplinary care and process to improve outcomes of the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 18(7):1238–1246
Swisher SG et al (2012) A Phase II study of a paclitaxel-based chemoradiation regimen with selective surgical salvage for resectable locoregionally advanced esophageal cancer: initial reporting of RTOG 0246. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82(5):1967–1972
Earlam R, Cunha-Melo JR (1980) Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: I. A critical review of surgery. Br J Surg 67(6):381–390
Chiu PW et al (2005) Multicenter prospective randomized trial comparing standard esophagectomy with chemoradiotherapy for treatment of squamous esophageal cancer: early results from the Chinese University Research Group for Esophageal Cancer (CURE). J Gastrointest Surg 9(6):794–802
Carstens H et al (2007) A randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy versus surgery alone in patients with resectable esophageal cancer. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 25(18S Suppl):4530.
Gignoux M et al (1987) The value of preoperative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: results of a study of the E.O.R.T.C. World J Surg 11(4):426–432
Arnott SJ et al (2005) Preoperative radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD001799
Launois B et al (1981) Preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 153(5):690–692
Gignoux M et al (1988) The value of preoperative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: results of a study by the EORTC. Recent Results Cancer Res 110:1–13
Wang M et al (1989) Randomized clinical trial on the combination of preoperative irradiation and surgery in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma: report on 206 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 16(2):325–327
Arnott SJ et al (1992) Low dose preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the oesophagus: results of a randomized clinical trial. Radiother Oncol 24(2):108–113
Nygaard K et al (1992) Pre-operative radiotherapy prolongs survival in operable esophageal carcinoma: a randomized, multicenter study of pre-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The second scandinavian trial in esophageal cancer. World J Surg 16(6):1104–1109
Hilgenberg AD et al (1988) Preoperative chemotherapy, surgical resection, and selective postoperative therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Thorac Surg 45(4):357–363
Sjoquist KM et al (2011) Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 12(7):681–692
Apinop C, Puttisak P, Preecha N (1994) A prospective study of combined therapy in esophageal cancer. Hepatogastroenterol 41(4):391–393
Prise EL et al (1994) A randomized study of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery versus surgery for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 73(7):1779–1784
Walsh TN (1995) The role of multimodality therapy in improving survival: a prospective randomised trial. In: Predicting, defining and improving outcomes for oesophageal carcinoma, Trinity College. University of Dublin, Dublin. As cited by: Sjoquist KM et al (2011) Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 12(7):681–692.
Walsh TN et al (1996) A comparison of multimodal therapy and surgery for esophageal adenocarcinoma. N Engl J Med 335(7):462–467
Bosset JF et al (1997) Chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone in squamous-cell cancer of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 337(3):161–167
Urba SG et al (2001) Randomized trial of preoperative chemoradiation versus surgery alone in patients with locoregional esophageal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 19(2):305–313
Lee JL et al (2004) A single institutional phase III trial of preoperative chemotherapy with hyperfractionation radiotherapy plus surgery versus surgery alone for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Oncol 15(6):947–954
Burmeister BH et al (2005) Surgery alone versus chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for resectable cancer of the oesophagus: a randomised controlled phase III trial. Lancet Oncol 6(9):659–668
Tepper J et al (2008) Phase III trial of trimodality therapy with cisplatin, fluorouracil, radiotherapy, and surgery compared with surgery alone for esophageal cancer: CALGB 9781. J Clin Oncol 26(7):1086–1092
Lv J et al (2010) Long-term efficacy of perioperative chemoradiotherapy on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 16(13):1649–1654
Mariette C et al (2010) Impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in localised oesophageal cancer: results of a randomised controlled phase III trial FFCD 9901. Ann Oncol 21:250
Van der Gaast AV, van Hagen P et al (2010) Effect of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy on survival of patients with resectable esophageal or esophagogastric junction cancer: results from a multicenter randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 28:15s, (suppl; abstr 4004).
van Hagen P et al (2012) Preoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal or junctional cancer. N Engl J Med 366(22):2074–2084
Mariette C et al (2014) Surgery alone versus chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for stage I and II esophageal cancer: final analysis of randomized controlled phase III trial FFCD 9901. J Clin Oncol 32(23):2416–2422
Robb WB et al (2012) Surgery alone vs chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery for stage I and II oesophageal cancer: final analysis of a randomised controlled phase III trial FFCD 9901. Gut 61:A37–A38
Verhoef C et al (2007) Better survival in patients with esophageal cancer after surgical treatment in university hospitals: a plea for performance by surgical oncologists. Ann Surg Oncol 14(5):1678–1687
Stahl M et al (2009) Phase III comparison of preoperative chemotherapy compared with chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. J Clin Oncol 27(6):851–856
Burmeister BH et al (2011) Is concurrent radiation therapy required in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus? A randomised phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 47(3):354–360
Kumagai K et al (2014) Meta-analysis of postoperative morbidity and perioperative mortality in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal and gastro-oesophageal junctional cancers. Br J Surg 101(4):321–338
Stahl M et al (2005) Chemoradiation with and without surgery in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Clin Oncol 23(10):2310–2317
Bedenne L et al (2007) Chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with chemoradiation alone in squamous cancer of the esophagus: FFCD 9102. J Clin Oncol 25(10):1160–1168
Nakamura K et al (2013) Three-arm phase III trial comparing cisplatin plus 5-FU (CF) versus docetaxel, cisplatin plus 5-FU (DCF) versus radiotherapy with CF (CF-RT) as preoperative therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer (JCOG1109, NExT study). Jpn J Clin Oncol 43(7):752–755
Andersen AP, Berdal P, Edsmyr F, Hagen S, Hatlevoll R, Nygaard K et al (1984) Irradiation, chemotherapy and surgery in esophageal cancer: a randomized clinical study. The first Scandinavian trial in esophageal cancer. Radiother and Oncol 2:179–188
Araujo CM, Souhami L, Gil RA, Carvalho R, Garcia JA, Froimtchuk MJ et al (1991) A randomized trial comparing radiation therapy versus concomitant radiation therapy and chemotherapy in carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. Cancer 67:2258–2261
Earle JD, Gelber RD, Moertel CG, Hahn RG (1980) A controlled evaluation of combined radiation and bleomycin therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 6:821–826
Gao XS, Qiao XY, Yang XR, Asaumi J, Zhou ZG, Wang YD et al (2002) Late course accelerated hyperfractionationradiotherapy concomitant with cisplatin in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Oncol Reports 9(4):767–772
Kaneta T, Takai Y, Nemoto K, Kakuto Y, Ogawa Y, Ariga H et al (1997) Effect of combination chemotherapy with daily lowdose CDDP for esophageal cancer: results of a randomized trial. Jpn J Can Chemother 24:2099–2104
Li AE, Shu BA, Lin YZ, Hu YH (2000) 48 Patients with advanced esophageal cancer treated with DDP-5-FU combined radiotherapy. Chin J Clin Oncol and Rehabilit 7(6):79–80
Roussel A, Haegele P, Paillot B, Gignoux M, Marinus A, Sahmoud T et al (1994) Results of the EORTC-GTCCT Phase III trial of irradiation vs irradiation and CDDP in inoperable esophageal cancer [abstract]. Proceedings, Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clin Oncol 13:199
Slabber CF, Nel JS, Schoeman L, Burger W, Falkson G, Falkson Cl (1998) A randomized study of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy plus 5-Fluorouracil and platinum in patients with inoperable, locally advanced squamous cancer of the esophagus. Amer J Clin Oncol 21:462–465
Zhang A (1984) Radiation combined with bleomycin for esophageal carcinoma - a randomized study of 99 patients. Chung Hua Chung Liu Tsa Chih 6(5):372–374
Zhu S, Wan J, Zhou D et al (2000) Combination of external beam and intracavitary radiation and carboplatin chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma. Chin J Clin Oncol 27(1):5–8
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Noordman, B.J., Wijnhoven, B.P.L., Shapiro, J., Hulshof, M.C.C.M., van der Gaast, A., van Lanschot, J.J.B. (2017). Chemoradiation in Esophagogastric Junction Cancer. In: Giacopuzzi, S., Zanoni, A., de Manzoni, G. (eds) Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagogastric Junction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28776-8_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28776-8_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28774-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28776-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)