Abstract
Health is not just a biological matter (in the sense of the absence of illness) but also a social phenomenon, since it incorporates the quality of relations individuals have with each other and with their environment. The importance of mental health, its interdependence on physical health and the burden that mental disorders cause on a personal, family and social level have gained increasing recognition both by the relevant policymakers and by the general public.
Mental health is defined as the state of emotional well-being which prompts individuals to recognise their skills, to effectively deal with stressful life situations, to work to produce results and to contribute to the society in which they live. In our times, man appears to be particularly vulnerable in terms of mental health, and the frequency with which mental disorders are appearing is constantly on the rise. Both promoting health and preventing illness seek to ensure the common goal of maintaining and improving health.
Late diagnosis of mental problems in the young can very likely lead to serious mental illnesses in adult life with long-term effects. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has highlighted the importance of promoting mental health and prevention in children and adolescents and urges governments worldwide to include mental health as a key part of their primary healthcare. However, there is nonetheless an immense gap between needs and resource availability. However, in all European Union countries, there is some activity in terms of mental health prevention and promotion. The availability of the practices, resources and infrastructure which has been developed varies from country to country reflecting different situations in healthcare systems, political history and traditions and their understanding of both mental and public health.
A literature review highlights examples of best practices and evaluation of the effectiveness of measures to promote mental health among individuals of school age, since it recognises that education contributes to the prevention of the onset of mental illnesses.
The programme to promote mental health in children and adolescents in selected areas of Greece ran for the period 2011–2013. It was financed by the Stavros Niarchos Foundation and implemented by the Association for Regional Development and Mental Health on the islands of the NE and Western Cyclades. The measure sought to ensure primary protection of the mental health of children and adolescents. It included awareness-raising and counselling groups for parents of children in each age group, awareness-raising and counselling groups for adolescents about mental health issues and awareness-raising and support groups for teachers in preschool, primary and secondary education.
The awareness-raising groups performed an educational support role. The principles of assertive-experiential learning were chosen for the methodological approach. The results were particularly encouraging in all sectors of intervention. The chapter highlights the epistemological and social need for holistic interventions on interactive local systems, to ensure the best outcome of programmes to promote mental health.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Appleton P, Hammond-Roley S (2000) Addressing the population burden of child and adolescent mental health problems: a primary care model. Child Psychol Psychiatry Rev 5:9–16
Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) (2002) Mental health resource guide. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Washington, DC
Bateson G (1979) Mind and nature: a necessary unity. Dutton, New York
Bindhu C, Sudheeshkumar P (2006) Job satisfaction and stress coping skills of primary school teachers. Education Resources Information Centre, available at: www.eric.ed.gov
Breslow L (1999) From disease prevention to health promotion. JAMA 281(11):1030–1033
Brouwers A, Tomic W (2000) A longitudinal study of teacher burnout and perceived self-efficacy in classroom management. Teach Teach Educ 16(2):239–253
Capra F (1997) The web of life: a new scientific understanding of living systems. Anchor Books, New York
Capra F (2004) The hidden connections: a science for sustainable living. Anchor Books, New York
Christakis NA, Fowler JH (2010) Connected: the amazing power of social networks and how they shape our lives. HarperPress, London
Evans N (1994) Experiential learning for all. Cassell, London
Farrell AD, Meyer AL, White KS (2001) Evaluation of Responding in Peaceful and Positive Ways (RIPP): a school-based prevention program for reducing violence among urban adolescents. J Clin Child Psychol 30(4):451–463
Giannakopoulos G, Dimitrakaki C, Pedeli X, Kolaitis G, Rotsika V, Ravens-Sieberer U, Tountas Y (2009) Adolescents’ wellbeing and functioning: relationships with parents’ subjective general physical and mental health. Health Qual Life Outcomes 7:100. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-7-100
Giotakos O, Karabelas D, Kafkas A (2011) Financial crisis and mental health in Greece. Psychiatriki 22:109–119
Greenberg MT, Kusche CA (1998) Promoting social competence and preventing casebook for practitioners. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, pp 69–82
Hains AA, Ellmann SW (1994) Stress inoculation training as a preventative aggression: results of a primary prevention program. J Am Acad 3:43–50
Hawkins JD, Von Cleve E, Catalano RF (1991) Reducing early childhood maladjustment in school-aged children: the effects of the PATHS curriculum, Manuscript Mentalities Briefing Paper 1. Mentality, London
Hoven CW, Doan T, Musa GJ, Jaliashvili T, Duarte CS, Ovuga E, … Task Force WA (2008) Worldwide child and adolescent mental health begins with awareness: a preliminary assessment in nine countries. Int Rev Psychiatry 20(3):261–270
Jané-Llopis E, Anderson P (eds) (2006) Mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention across European Member States: a collection of country stories. European Communities, Luxembourg
Kelman S (1975) The social nature of the definition problem in health. Int J Health Serv 5(4):625–642
Kieling C, Baker-Henningham H, Belfer M, Conti G, Ertem I, Omigbodun O, … Rahman A (2011) Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for Action. Lancet 378(9801):1515–1525
Kokkevi A, Rotsika V, Arapaki A, Richardson C (2010) Changes in associations between psychosocial factors and suicide attempts by adolescents in Greece from 1984 to 2007. Eur J Public Health. doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckq160, 1–5, advance Access published Nov 26, 2010
Maturana H, Varela F (1987) The tree of knowledge. Shambhala, Boston
Mavreas et al (2010) Epidemiological research in Greece. (Unpublished data)
Mentality (2003) Making it effective: a guide to evidence-based mental health promotion. Radic Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30:208–217
Mulligan J (1993) Activating internal processes in experiential learning. In: Boud D, Cohen R, Walker D (eds) Using experience for learning. The Society for Research into Higher Education and The Open University Press, Milton Keynes
Navridis K (2005) Group psychology. Ellinika Grammata Press, Athens (in Greek)
Patel V, Flisher A, Hetrick S, McGorry P (2007) Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet 369(9569):1302–1313
Pinfold V, Toulmin H, Thornicroft G, Huxley P, Farmer P, Graham T (2003) Reducing psychiatric stigma and discrimination: evaluation of educational interventions in UK secondary schools. Br J Psychiatry 182:342–346
Report SOU (2006) Youth, stress and mental problems – analyses and health promotion issues
Senge P, Scharmer O, Jaworski J, Flowers B (2008) Presence. Exploring profound change in people, organisations and society. Nicolas Brealey, London
Shure MB, Spivack G (1988) Interpersonal cognitive problem solving. In: Price RH, Cowen EL, Lorion RP, Ramos-McKay J (eds) Fourteen ounces of prevention: a casebook for practitioners. Aldine, Hawthorne, pp 69–82
Skevington SM, O’Connell KA (2004) Can we identify the poorest quality of life? Assessing the importance of quality of life using the WHOQOL-100. Qual Life Res 13(1):22–34
Sultz H, Young K (2010) Health care, USA: understanding its organisation and delivery, 7th edn. Jones & Bartlett Learning, Sudbury
Tobler NS, Roona MR, Ochshorn P, Marshall DG, Streke AV, Stackpole KM (2000) School-based adolescent drug prevention programs: meta-analysis. J Prim Prev 20:275–336
Tountas G (1994) Health education. In: Kaklamanis E, Frangouli-Koumantaki Y (eds) Preventative medicine and health education. P. C. Paschalidis Medical Press, Athens (in Greek)
Tountas G (2001) Society and health, 2nd edn, Social Factors. New Health, Athens, p 140, in Greek
Webster-Stratton C, Hammond M (2001) Preventing conduct problems, promoting social competence: a parent and teacher training partnership in head start. J Clin Child Psychol 30:283–302
Whitehead D (2004) Health promotion and health education: advancing the concepts. J Adv Nurs 47(3):311–320
Wittchen HU, Jacobi F, Rehm J, Gustavsson A, Svensson M, Jönsson B, … Steinhausen HC (2011) The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 21(9):655–679
World Health Organisation (WHO) (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organisation as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organisation, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2003a) The solid facts. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Denmark
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2003b) Caring for children and adolescents. Conclusions from Pre-conference Luxembourg, Denmark
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2004) Prevention of mental disorders: effective interventions and policy options: summary report. World Health Organisation, Geneva
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2005) Health Evidence Network (HEN) What are the main factors that influence the implementation of disease prevention and health promotion programmes in children and adolescents? WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2009) WHO calls for action on world autism awareness day, News release 2 Apr 2009, Geneva, World Health Organisation
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2010) Youth-friendly health policies and services in the European Region. WHO Press, Geneva
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2011) Young people: health risks and solutions. World Health Organisation (WHO), Geneva
Wyn J, Cahill, Holdsworth R, Rowling L, Carson S (2000) Mind matters, a whole-school approach promoting mental health and wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 34:594–601
Yalom ID (1995) The theory and practice of group psychotherapy. Basic Books, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stylianidis, S., Belekou, P., Peppou, L.E., Vakalopoulou, A. (2016). Promoting Mental Health: From Theory To Best Practice. In: Stylianidis, S. (eds) Social and Community Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28616-7_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28616-7_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-28614-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-28616-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)