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Mathematics as a Social Differentiating Factor: Men of Letters, Politicians and Engineers in Brazil Through the Nineteenth Century

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Part of the book series: Trends in the History of Science ((TRENDSHISTORYSCIENCE))

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Abstract

Mathematics in Brazil at the beginning of the nineteenth century was an important element for the men of letters and Brazilian elite. This chapter traces the change in this dynamic over the century as mathematical abilities became an essential part of the identity of engineers. By that time, mathematical developments were aimed at satisfying engineering demands. The idea of a pure mathematics to identity a group separated from engineers, as in modern mathematics, occurred possibly in 1930s after the foundation of the first courses of mathematics in Brazil.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See, for example (Johns 1998).

  2. 2.

    The assembly was organized to write the first constitution after the independence of Brazil from Portugal. We can read the registers of the assembly and the deputies list in Brazil (1874).

  3. 3.

    On the Casa editorial do Arco do Cego, Friar Velloso and D. Rodrigo de Souza Coutinho, see (de Campos 1999).

  4. 4.

    “Nisi utile est quod facimus, stulta est gloria”.

  5. 5.

    In the pages 142 and 143 of the third volume of the Estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra.

  6. 6.

    Estatutos da Universidade de Coimbra, 1772. Vol 3, pag. 150–152.

  7. 7.

    Comparing the list of student in Morais (1940) with the list of the professors of the Royal Military Academy, in the first half of the XIXth Century, organized by Motta (1998, p. 38 and 73), we identify the following Brazilian names: Custódio Alves da Pureza Serrão, André Pinto Duarte, Joaquim Ignácio de Lima, José Saturnino da Costa Pereira, Manuel Jacinto Nogueira da Gama and Eustáquio Adolfo de Melo Matos. We can also add to this list the Portuguese Francisco de Borba Garção Stockler.

  8. 8.

    On the editor Paulo Martin, see (Hallewell 2012)

  9. 9.

    Law N. 3.083 of April 28th of 1863, by the Minister Polydoro da Fonseca Quintanilha Jordão. The syllabus is detailed in the dissertation of Mormello (2010).

  10. 10.

    In the sense defined by Larson (1977), as the intitutionalization of a monopoly on certain social practices.

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Acknowledgement

Some results of this work were published in Portuguese (Siqueira 2014). I would like to thanks FAPESP for the grant (Auxílio à Pesquisa 2011/02213-6) that financed my work.

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Correspondence to Rogério Monteiro de Siqueira .

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de Siqueira, R.M. (2016). Mathematics as a Social Differentiating Factor: Men of Letters, Politicians and Engineers in Brazil Through the Nineteenth Century. In: Larvor, B. (eds) Mathematical Cultures. Trends in the History of Science. Birkhäuser, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28582-5_8

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