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Ichnoentomology pp 417–445Cite as

Soil Neighbors II. Traces of Other Organisms in Paleosols. Vertebrates and Roots

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Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 37))

Abstract

Vertebrate burrows are common trace fossils in paleosols. Size, surface morphology and remains are some criteria to distinguish invertebrate from small vertebrate burrows. Basic types comprise vertical, vertical with terminal chamber, inclined, inclined with terminal chamber, helical, horizontal networks and inclined boxworks. Lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs, and mammals are the most common producers. Descriptions of fossil and extant vertebrate burrows are scattered in the biological, paleontological and ichnological literature, including some partial reviews on fossil examples. In comparison with the unnamed cases, there are few ichnotaxa described, including Torridorefugium, Kladosystemites, Daemonelix, Alezichnos, Nagtuichnus, Polychoredrites, and Katarrhedrites, which are reviewed. Megaburrows corresponding to large mammals are also discussed. Also common in paleosols, root traces have been always treated as a distinct item in ichnology because of their plant origin. Different approaches to its treatment are reviewed. Particular cases of rhizoliths, drab-haloed root traces, rhizohaloes, megarhizoliths, paleorhizospheres and rhizolith balls are reviewed. Megarhizoliths, paleorhizospheres and false termite nests. A blueprint-style plate concentrates significant trace fossils produced by vertebrates in paleosols. Color plates of extant and fossil traces and morphological details are provided.

“Los vestigios de la antigua vegetación de la pampa se han conservado también en otra forma completamente diferente; consisten en impresiones que se encuentran en el antiguo barro desecado, producidas por la descomposición de los vegetales…..Al observar estos huecos por primera vez…..se nos ocurrió entonces la idea de echar en el terreno azufre derretido, que rellenó los huecos, formando moldes que representan tallos, hojas, raíces y hasta semillas de vegetales…..que nos dirán cuáles eran las plantas de que se alimentaban los grandes mamíferos extinguidos”

(Florentino Ameghino, 1880, La antigüedad del hombre en El Plata)

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  1. National Research Council of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Jorge Fernando Genise (Principal Researcher, Founder)

  2. National Ichnological Collection and Division Icnología of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, President of the First International Congress on Ichnology (Ichnia 2004), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Jorge Fernando Genise (Principal Researcher, Founder)

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Genise, J.F. (2017). Soil Neighbors II. Traces of Other Organisms in Paleosols. Vertebrates and Roots. In: Ichnoentomology. Topics in Geobiology, vol 37. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28210-7_16

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