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Soil Neighbors I: Traces of Other Organisms in Paleosols. Crustaceans and Earthworms

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Ichnoentomology

Part of the book series: Topics in Geobiology ((TGBI,volume 37))

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Abstract

The aim of including trace fossils of other organisms in paleosols in this and the next chapter is to provide necessary information to identify insect trace fossils. First step for the identification is to check the similarity of the trace fossil with an extant insect trace, and the second to discard that it is not also similar to that of other organism. This chapter deals with extant and fossil traces of crustaceans and earthworms in soils and paleosols. The different types of extant crayfish burrows and their relationships with the water table are reviewed. Marine crabs belonging to Gecarcinidae, Coenobitidae, Grapsidae, Varunidae, Ocypodidae, among other families, show different degrees of terrestrial adaptations and can burrow in soils near the beach. Freshwater crabs belonging to Trichodactylidae may also burrow in soils. The surface morphology of these burrows is described. Crayfish fossil burrows are included in Camborygma, Loloichnus and Lunilichnus, whereas some ichnospecies of Cellicalichnus and Dagnichnus may represent recruitment structures or nests. The evolutionary significance and possible interpretations of these nests is discussed. Burrows of epigeic, endogeic, and anecic earthworms are described, along with aestivation chambers. The trace fossil record of earthworms including Edaphichnium lumbricatum, burrows filled with pellets, Castrichnus incolumis, aestivation chambers connected to meniscate burrows, and diffuse boxworks is reviewed. Earthworm trace fossils and false termite nests. Blueprint-style plates concentrate significant traces produced by crustaceans and earthworms. Color plates of extant producers and their traces, type material, morphological details and representative cases of trace fossils are provided.

“With Darwin, earthworms turn intelligent and become human friends”

(Brown et al. 2003)

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  1. National Research Council of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Jorge Fernando Genise (Principal Researcher, Founder)

  2. National Ichnological Collection and Division Icnología of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, President of the First International Congress on Ichnology (Ichnia 2004), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Jorge Fernando Genise (Principal Researcher, Founder)

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Genise, J.F. (2017). Soil Neighbors I: Traces of Other Organisms in Paleosols. Crustaceans and Earthworms. In: Ichnoentomology. Topics in Geobiology, vol 37. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28210-7_15

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