Abstract
There is increasing recognition that mental health-related stigma is a major public health problem that conveys a hidden burden of suffering on people who have a mental illness and their family members. In response, the number of countries and regions initiating anti-stigma programs is growing and, as international interest in anti-stigma programs has increased, so has the discourse surrounding what works, what does not, and why (Stuart et al. 2012). This chapter will provide a commentary on methods that have been shown to be effective and, in so doing, will selectively highlight some of the most promising practices in the field at macro (structural), meso (public), and micro (individual) levels.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Allport G (1954) The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading
Allport G (2000) The nature of prejudice. In: Stereotypes and prejudice. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, pp 20–48
Arboleda-Florez J, Stuart H (2012) From sin to science: fighting the stigmatization of mental illnesses. Can J Psychiatr 57(8):457–463
Borgerson K (2009) Valuing evidence. Perspect Biol Med 52(2):218–233
Brohan E, Elgie R, Sartorius N, Thornicroft G (2010) Self-stigma, empowerment and perceived discrimination among people with schizophrenia in 14 European countries: the GAMIAN-Europe Study. Schizophr Res 122:232–238
Callard F, Sartorius N, Arboleda-Florez J, Bartlett P, Helmchen H, Stuart H et al (2012) Mental illness, discrimination and the law. Fighting for social justice. Wiley, Chinchester
Corrigan P, Rao D (2012) On the self-stigma of mental illness: stages, disclosure, and strategies for change. Can J Psychiatr 57(8):464–469
Corrigan P, Markowitz F, Watson A (2004) Structural levels of mental illness stigma and discrimination. Schizophr Bull 30(3):481–491
Corrigan P, Morris S, Michaels P, Rafacz J, Rusch N (2012) Challenging the public stigma of mental illness: a meta-analysis of outcome studies. Psychiatr Serv 63(10):963–973
Evans D (2003) Hierarchy of evidence: a framework for ranking evidence evaluating healthcare interventions. J Clin Nurs 12:77–84
Everett B (2004) Best practices in workplace mental health: an area for expanded research. Health Care Pap 5(2):114–116
Goering P, Veldhuizen S, Watson A, Adair C, Kopp B, Latimer E et al (2014) National final report cross-site at home/Chez Soi Project. Mental Health Commission of Canada, Calgary
Goffman E (1963) Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Goldenberg M (2009) Objectivism, pragmatism, and the hierarchy of evidence. Perspect Biol Med 52(2):168–187
Griffiths K, Carron-Arthur B, Parsons A, Reid R (2014) Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry 13:161–175
Hewstone M (2000) Contact and categorization: social psychological interventions to change intergroup relations. In: Stangor C (ed) Stereotypes and prejudice. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, pp 394–418
Hewstone M, Swart H (2011) Fifty-odd years of inter-group contact: from hypothesis to integrated theory. Br J Soc Psychol 50:374–386
Hiday V, Wales H (2013) Mental illness and the law. In: Aneshensel C, Phelan J, Bierman A (eds) Handbook of the sociology of mental health. Springer, New York, pp 563–584
Jonah B, Dawson N, Smith G (1982) Effects of a selective traffic enforcement program on seat belt usage. J Appl Psychol 67(1):89–96
Knaak S, Modgill G, Patten S (2014) Key ingredients of anti-stigma programs for health care providers: a data synthesis of evaluative studies. Can J Psychiatr 59(10 Suppl 1):S19–S26
Link BG, Phelan JC (2001) Conceptualizing stigma. Annu Rev Sociol 27:363–385
Mezirow J (1997) Transformative learning: from theory to practice. New Dir Adult Contin Educ Summer 74:5–11
Mittal D, Sullivan G, Chekuri L, Allee E, Corrigan P (2012) Empirical studies of self-stigma reduction strategies: a critical review of the literature. Psychiatr Serv 63(10):974–981
National Media and Mental Health Group (2009) Reporting suicide and mental illness. A mindframe resource for media professionals. Commonwealth of Australia
Niederkrotenthaler T, Sonneck G (2007) Assessing the impact of media guidelines for reporting on suicide in Austria: interrupted time series analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 41:419–428
Oxford Dictionaries (2014, 10 16). Retrieved 10 16, 2014, from www.oxforddictionaries.com: www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/stigma
Pescosolido B, Martin J, Long J, Medina T, Phelan J, Link B (2010) “A Disease Like any Other?” A decade of change in public reactions to schizophrenia, depression, and alcohol dependence. Am J Psychiatry Adv 15:1–10
Pettigrew T, Tropp L (2006) A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. J Pers Soc Psychol 90(5):751–783
Phelan J, Link B, Stueve A, Pescosolido B (2000) Public conceptions of mental illness in 1950 and 1996: what is mental illness and is it to be feared? J Health Soc Behav 41(2):188–207
Pirkis J, Blood W, Beautrais A, Burgess P, Skehan J (2006) Media guidelines on the reporting of suicides. Crisis 27(2):82–87
Pirkis J, Blood R, Dare A, Holland K, Rankin B, Williamson M, et al (2008) The media monitoring project. Changes in media reporting of suicide and mental health and illness in Australia 2001/2001-2006/2007. Commonwealth of Australia
Reichman A (1964) Royal Commission on Health Services. Psychiatric care in Canada: extent and results. Queen’s Printer, Ottawa
Rivara F, Thompson D, Cummings P (1999) Effectiveness of primary and secondary enforced seat belt laws. Am J Prev Med 16:30–39
Rusch N, Abbruzzese E, Hagedorn E, Hartenhauer D, Kaufmann I, Curschellas J et al (2014) Efficacy of coming out proud to reduce stigma’s impact among people with mental illness: pilot randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 204:391–397
Sayce L (2003) Beyond good intentions: making anti-discrimination strategies work. Disabil Soc 18(5):625–642
Sealy P, Whitehead P (2004) Forty years of deinstitutionalization of psychiatric services in Canada: an empirical assessment. Can J Psychiatr 49:249–257
Shih M (2004) Positive stigma: examining resilience and empowerment in overcoming stigma. Ann Am Acad 591:175–195
Sibitz I, Unger A, Woppmann A, Zidek T, Amering M (2011) Stigma resistance in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 37(2):316–323
Stuart H (2006) Media portrayal of mental illness and its treatment. CNS Drugs 20(2):99–106
Stuart H (2007) Employment equity and mental disability. Curr Opin Psychiatry 20:486–490
Stuart H (2008) Building an evidence base for anti-stigma programming. In: Arboleda-Florez J, Sartorius N (eds) Understanding the stigma of mental illness: theory and interventions. Wiley, Chichester, pp 135–146
Stuart H (2010) Canadian perspectives on stigma because of mental illness. In: Streiner D, Cairney J (eds) Mental disorder in Canada: an epidemiologic perspective. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp 304–330
Stuart H (2012) United Nations convention on the rights of persons with disabilities: a roadmap for change. Curr Opin Psychiatry 25:365–369
Stuart H, Arboleda-Florez J, Sartorius N (2012) Paradigms lost: fighting stigma and the lessons learned. Oxford University Press, Oxford
The World Health Organization (2003) Advocacy for mental health. World Health Organization, Geneva
Thoits P (2011) Resisting the stigma of mental illness. Soc Psychol Q 74(6):6–28
Canadian Journalism Forum on Violence and Trauma (2014) Stigma and mental illness. In: Mindset: reporting on mental health. Canadian Journalism Forum on Violence and Trauma, London
Wallack L, Dorfman L (1996) Media advocacy: a strategy for advancing policy and promoting health. Health Educ Q 23(3):293–317
Whitley R, Berry S (2013) Trends in newspaper coverage of mental illness in Canada: 2005–2010. Can J Psychiatr 58(2):107–112
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stuart, H. (2017). What Has Proven Effective in Anti-Stigma Programming. In: Gaebel, W., Rössler, W., Sartorius, N. (eds) The Stigma of Mental Illness - End of the Story?. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27839-1_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27839-1_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27837-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27839-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)