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Exporting Good Governance Via e-Governance: Estonian e-Governance Support to Eastern Partnership Countries

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Political and Legal Perspectives of the EU Eastern Partnership Policy

Abstract

Estonia is a globally recognised leader in e-governance, having bypassed many countries when it comes to development of public e-services as well as e-democracy. From having been at the receiving end of international assistance and advice only a couple of decades ago, Estonia is now sharing its expertise—not least with Eastern Partnership countries for which it is especially well placed, sharing common history. The introduction of e-governance presents questions on what legal reforms or new laws that are necessary to support the technological process and also fundamental and principled questions related to values and attitudes to governance. Is it possible with the help of e-governance to export principles of good governance? In this chapter, the question is seen from the side of the exporter as well as from the side of the recipients, primarily Moldova and Ukraine. Details of e-governance transition in these countries is described, and it is discussed what it is that makes countries receptive to assistance to further good governance and democracy.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Gil-Garcia (2012), p. 17.

  2. 2.

    Tallo et al. (2013), p. 10.

  3. 3.

    It is no coincidence that when Sweden is the main sponsor of e-governance projects in Ukraine, Estonia has been invited to be the main partner for the actual implementation of the projects. http://www.ega.ee/node/976.

  4. 4.

    Kerikmäe et al. (2014), pp. 144–159.

  5. 5.

    Nodia (2006), pp. 133–145 at p. 144.

  6. 6.

    https://www.eesti.ee.

  7. 7.

    https://www.ria.ee/x-tee/.

  8. 8.

    Solarte (2014), pp. 251–283.

  9. 9.

    MacCormick (2008), pp. 45–46.

  10. 10.

    Public Information Act RT I 2000, 92, 597.

  11. 11.

    Digital Signatures Act RT I 2000, 26, 150.

  12. 12.

    Penal Code RT I 2001, 61, 364.

  13. 13.

    Personal Data Protection Act RT 2007, 24, 127.

  14. 14.

    Electronic Communications Act RT I 2004, 87, 593.

  15. 15.

    http://www.vvk.ee/voting-methods-in-estonia/engindex/.

  16. 16.

    An evaluation of the early attempts is found in the conference report “E-voting. Lessons learnt and Future Challenges” (rapporteur F. Breuer), 26–28 October 2006. Available at http://www.ega.ee/files/27.10.06_Report_evoting_Conference.pdf.

  17. 17.

    http://www.bk.admin.ch/themen/pore/evoting/index.html?lang=fr; www.geneve.ch/evoting/english.

  18. 18.

    Handbook on e-Democracy (Epace Theme Publication, 2010), http://www.ega.ee/files/edemo_0.pdf.

  19. 19.

    See for a discussion on the online campaigns in Estonia for the 2011 parliamentary elections http://www.ega.ee/node/855.

  20. 20.

    Lavin and Insua (2010), pp. 31–45 at pp. 32–33.

  21. 21.

    French and Insua (2010), pp. 345–358 at pp. 355–356.

  22. 22.

    Lavin and Insua (2010), pp. 32–33.

  23. 23.

    The portal to Moldovan e-governance is available on http://www.egov.md/index.php/en/.

  24. 24.

    http://www.itu.int/net4/wsis/stocktaking/projects/Project/Details?projectId=1175231547.

  25. 25.

    Government of the Republic of Moldova United Nations Development Programme.

  26. 26.

    Open Government Action Plan 2012–2013 for the Republic of Moldova, Approved by Government Decision Nr. 195 on 04.04.2012.

  27. 27.

    Ibid.

  28. 28.

    GOVERNMENT RESOLUTION No. 700 from 25.08.2014 Policy concept on the principles of the open government data.

  29. 29.

    GOVERNMENT DECISION No. 1096 of 31.12.2013 on the approval of the 2014 Action Plan for the implementation of the Strategic Program for Technological Modernization of Governance (e-Transformation).

  30. 30.

    http://pan.md/paper/Vlasti/EupravlenievMoldoveobsudilisbiznesmenami/47692.

  31. 31.

    Ibid.

  32. 32.

    UN e-Government Survey 2014 “E-Government for the Future We Want” http://unpan3.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2014.

  33. 33.

    http://www.ega.ee/node/1220.

  34. 34.

    http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/74/98-%D0%B2%D1%80/ed19980204.

  35. 35.

    http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/928/2000.

  36. 36.

    http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1302-2002-%D0%BF/ed20020829.

  37. 37.

    http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/74/98-%D0%B2%D1%80/ed19980204.

  38. 38.

    Бабаєв В. М. Текст лекцій з дисципліни «Електронне урядування» / В. М. Бабаєв, М. М. Новікова, С. О. Гайдученко; Харк. нац. ун-т міськ. госп-ва ім. О. М. Бекетова. – Х.: ХНУМГ, 2014. – 74 с.

  39. 39.

    Петренко І. Сутність державної політики та державних цільових програм / Ігор Петренко //Журнал «Віче», №10. – 2011. [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу:http://www.viche.info/journal/2566/.

  40. 40.

    http://www.kmu.gov.ua/control/uk/publish/article?art_id=247662359&cat_id=244277212.

  41. 41.

    Ibid.

  42. 42.

    http://dhrp.org.ua/en/news/533-20141008-en.

  43. 43.

    http://www.ega.ee/node/976.

  44. 44.

    Gil-Garcia (2012), p. 21.

  45. 45.

    Blichner (2011), pp. 27–53 at pp. 40–41.

  46. 46.

    Tallo et al. (2013), p. 10.

  47. 47.

    Gil-Garcia (2012), p. 5 and pp. 5–14, for details on the approaches.

  48. 48.

    Ibid. p. 31.

  49. 49.

    Ibid. pp. 34 and 37.

  50. 50.

    Tallo et al. (2013), p. 10.

  51. 51.

    Ibid. p. 11.

  52. 52.

    http://e-estonia.com/e-residents/e-residency/; http://online.wsj.com/articles/estonia-to-offer-e-residency-to-foreigners-1413897698; http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/estonia-first-country-offer-e-residency-digital-citizenship-1468766—these are just some sources on the most recent e-initiative of Estonia.

References

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Legislation and Other Official Resources

Moldova

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Ukraine

Internet Resources

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tallinn Law School, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 3, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia

    Katrin Nyman-Metcalf

  2. Estonian e-Governance Academy, Tallinn, Estonia

    Katrin Nyman-Metcalf & Taras Repytskyi

  3. Matel Bel University, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

    Taras Repytskyi

Authors
  1. Katrin Nyman-Metcalf
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  2. Taras Repytskyi
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Correspondence to Katrin Nyman-Metcalf .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tallinn Law School, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

    Tanel Kerikmäe

  2. Tallinn Law School, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

    Archil Chochia

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Nyman-Metcalf, K., Repytskyi, T. (2016). Exporting Good Governance Via e-Governance: Estonian e-Governance Support to Eastern Partnership Countries. In: Kerikmäe, T., Chochia, A. (eds) Political and Legal Perspectives of the EU Eastern Partnership Policy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27383-9_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27383-9_6

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