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Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2016 pp 311–321Cite as

Dissipated Energy is a Key Mediator of VILI: Rationale for Using Low Driving Pressures

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Part of the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine book series (AUICEM)

Abstract

Positive pressure ventilation should never be seen as a simple and safe intervention, either in patients under general anesthesia for surgery in whom ventilation usually lasts minutes to hours, or in critically ill patients who generally need invasive ventilation for days to weeks. Indeed, positive pressure ventilation is increasingly recognized as a potentially harmful intervention, with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) as one of its most important adverse-effects [1]. So-called ‘lungprotective’ ventilation strategies, i.e., ventilation strategies aiming at prevention of VILI, have a strong potential to benefit patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as patients with uninjured lungs [2].

What is the best way to protect the lungs during positive pressure ventilation? Should ‘lung-protective’ mechanical ventilation always include the use of low tidal volumes, because clinical studies showed that tidal volume restriction improved outcome of ARDS patients [3, 4] and suggested benefit in patients with uninjured lungs [5–7]? And should it always include higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), because PEEP up-titration has been shown to improve outcome of ARDS patients [8]?

Recently, another ventilator setting has been suggested that could reduce harm from positive pressure ventilation. In a large cohort of patients with ARDS the “driving pressure”, defined as the plateau pressure or its equivalent minus the level of PEEP, appeared to be strongly and independently associated with mortality [9]. This review focuses on the interaction between energy dissipated in the lung during positive pressure ventilation as a rationale for aiming for the lowest driving pressure by manipulating tidal volume size and the level of PEEP in individual patients.

Keywords

  • Tidal Volume
  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  • Positive Pressure Ventilation
  • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patient
  • Plateau Pressure

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil

    A. Serpa Neto

  2. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    M. B. P. Amato

  3. Department of Intensive Care, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands

    M. J. Schultz

  4. Mahidol Oxford Research Unit, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand

    M. J. Schultz

Authors
  1. A. Serpa Neto
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  2. M. B. P. Amato
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  3. M. J. Schultz
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. J. Schultz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université libre de Bruxelles Dept. of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium

    Prof. Jean-Louis Vincent

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Serpa Neto, A., Amato, M.B.P., Schultz, M.J. (2016). Dissipated Energy is a Key Mediator of VILI: Rationale for Using Low Driving Pressures. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2016. Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27349-5_25

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27349-5_25

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