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Cardiovascular Response to ECMO

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Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2016

Part of the book series: Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine ((AUICEM))

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Abstract

The principles of extracorporeal life support started with the first experimental efforts of Jean Baptiste Denis who circa 1693 performed a cross-transfusion of the blood of a human with the “gentle humors of a lamb” to determine whether living blood could be transmitted between two creatures [1]. However, clinical efforts to provide extracorporeal support began around 1930 with the work of John and Mary Gibbon. They developed a freestanding roller pump device for extracorporeal support after the death of a patient from a pulmonary embolus. Sixteen years later, the first human use of the device was performed in the operating room to assist during repair of an atrial septal defect in 1953. After some years, the use of the silicone membrane oxygenator, which was developed to allow recovery outside the operating room, led to the use of the term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). In the 1960s, with the development of gas-exchange devices, a silicone rubbermembrane was interposed between the blood and the oxygen. This modification (and others) allowed the use of a heart-lung machine for days or weeks [3] reducing the threshold for their use. In 1972, Dr Bartlett successfully provided ECMO support to a two-year old boy following a Mustard procedure for correction of transposition of the great vessels with subsequent cardiac failure. The patient underwent ECMO support for 36 h until recovery. In 1975, the first neonate (Esperanza) with respiratory failure underwent ECMO support for 72 h and was successfully decannulated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, Netherlands

    S. Akin, C. Ince & D. dos Reis Miranda

  2. Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands

    S. Akin

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  1. S. Akin
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  2. C. Ince
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  3. D. dos Reis Miranda
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Correspondence to S. Akin .

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  1. Université libre de Bruxelles Dept. of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium

    Jean-Louis Vincent

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Akin, S., Ince, C., dos Reis Miranda, D. (2016). Cardiovascular Response to ECMO. In: Vincent, JL. (eds) Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2016. Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27349-5_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27349-5_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-27348-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-27349-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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