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Vaccination Against Breast Cancer and its Role in Prevention

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Trends in Breast Cancer Prevention

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Abstract

The immune response against cancers, including breast cancer, are shown to play a critical role in survival. Vaccines have long been hailed as the most effective medical intervention to prevent a disease. While cancer vaccines have mostly been used therapeutically with little success in established breast cancer, their role in early breast cancer appears more promising, and primary prevention of breast cancer by vaccination is now being contemplated. The selection of vaccine targets is a critical issue, since unlike cancers with established viral etiology (e.g. cervical cancer), there is no single cause of breast cancer. Instead, there are multiple subsets of breast cancers including: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER-2, and subsets of basal-like cancer. Each of these types can be antigenically distinct, and present immune targets that may be phenotype-specific or to some degree overlapping between subsets. Three general categories of such targets are being developed as breast cancer vaccines. These include oncodrivers, breast tissue specific antigens, and cancer specific antigens. It is likely that combinations of these vaccine approaches may be best for treatment and prevention. Carriers of high-risk breast cancer mutations represent a potential target patient population for prevention. However, approximately 85 % of breast cancers occur in patients with no identified risk. Recent evidence suggests that a loss of natural immune responses against oncodrivers may identify patients at risk for early breast cancer. Devising tests to identify subjects at risk for breast cancer are needed since these will allow us to focus prevention efforts, including vaccination, on those individuals where such resources are most needed. Preventive breast cancer vaccines may be achievable with our improved understanding of breast cancer biology, and the immune response in breast cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair Department of Breast Oncology, Program Leader Breast Program, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Brian J. Czerniecki M.D., Ph.D. & Nadia Nocera Ph.D.

  2. Stemmler Harrison Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Lea Lowenfeld

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA

    Lori Showalter Ph.D. & Gary Koski

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  1. Brian J. Czerniecki M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Nadia Nocera Ph.D.
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  3. Lea Lowenfeld
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  4. Lori Showalter Ph.D.
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  5. Gary Koski
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Irma H. Russo, MD, Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center--Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Jose Russo

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Czerniecki, B.J., Nocera, N., Lowenfeld, L., Showalter, L., Koski, G. (2016). Vaccination Against Breast Cancer and its Role in Prevention. In: Russo, J. (eds) Trends in Breast Cancer Prevention. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27135-4_10

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