Abstract
“To give efficiency in surgical operations (trainees) were asked to try their knives repeatedly on natural and artificial objects resembling diseased parts of the body before undertaking an actual operation.” Extract from an English translation of the Sushruta Samhita [1]
Notes
- 1.
Late in the eighteenth century the course curriculum was reformed and the mannequin was transferred to the anatomy department.
- 2.
In the aftermath of the Civil War some official publications (and war monuments in the north) referred to the conflict as “the War of the Rebellion.”
- 3.
It is widely thought that Jacques was the central figure in the nursery rhyme Frère Jacques although why the tardiness of an itinerant, self-styled monk and self-taught lithotomist would be sung to children was never made clear.
- 4.
Sir Astley Cooper had mentioned at a dinner that he had never been given a nickname but he acquired one during the trial when it was reported the patient had told his friends he was going to be operated on by the nephew of “the great Sir Arstly.”
- 5.
Phillip Bozzini’s “Lichleiter” cystoscope (c. 1805) used a candle for light and was a burn hazard for patient and practitioner.
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Owen, H. (2016). Simulation in Surgery. In: Simulation in Healthcare Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26577-3_6
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