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The l-Arginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Ratio in Health and Disease: An Overview

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L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Endothelium is acting a vital role in the control of tonus of vasculature and homeostasis (Widlansky et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 42:1149–1460, 2003). Although the significance of endothelial dysfunction has been well described by many published studies, especially in cardiovascular diseases, so far, there are some challenges in the evaluation of endothelial function due to lack of a standardization. Nitric oxide (NO) is mainly released by the endothelium and plays a critical role in the maintenance of normal endothelial function by regulating the vascular tone (Pacher et al., Physiol Rev 87:315–424, 2007). Inactivation and/or reduced synthesis of NO leads to endothelial dysfunction, whereas an excess of NO may cause circulatory shock (Forstermann, Pflugers Arch 459:923–939, 2010). In addition, NO modulates the interactions of circulating blood cells with the vascular wall, which are the key processes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis such as adhesion of inflammatory cells to the vascular wall, the aggregation of platelets, and the proliferation of smooth muscle cells (Moncada and Higgs, Br J Pharmacol 147:S193–S201, 2006). Therefore, NO bioavailability is more important and has recently been used as an indicator of endothelial function.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey

    Murat Celik MD

  2. Department of Nephrology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, 06018, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey

    Hilmi Umut Unal MD

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  1. Faculty of Science & Technology Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom

    Vinood B. Patel

  2. Department Nutrition and Dietetics Nutritional Sciences Division School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. Nutritional Sciences Research Division Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

    Rajkumar Rajendram

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Celik, M., Unal, H.U. (2017). The l-Arginine/Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) Ratio in Health and Disease: An Overview. In: Patel, V., Preedy, V., Rajendram, R. (eds) L-Arginine in Clinical Nutrition. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26009-9_18

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