Skip to main content
View expanded cover

Integration of Nature and Technology for Smart Cities pp 319–332Cite as

Vision of Cities: From the Green City to the Smart City

  • 2109 Accesses

Abstract

Cities are complex, adaptive, social–ecological systems (SES) “characterized by a particular human settlement pattern that associates with its functional or administrative region, a critical mass and density of people, man-made structures and activities” (UNEP 2011).

Keywords

  • Post carbon city
  • Smart
  • Eco city
  • Social-ecological systems
  • City
  • Sustainable urban development

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-25715-0_18
  • Chapter length: 14 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-319-25715-0
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Softcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Hardcover Book
USD   179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions
Fig. 18.1
Fig. 18.2
Fig. 18.3
Fig. 18.4
Fig. 18.5
Fig. 18.6
Fig. 18.7
Fig. 18.8
Fig. 18.9

Notes

  1. 1.

    Levin and Harvey (1999), Berkes et al. (2003), Gunderson and Holling (2001), Norberg and Cumming (2008), Evans (2008).

  2. 2.

    Rapaport (2014).

  3. 3.

    Register: Ecocity Berkeley: Building Cities for a Healthy Future (1987).

  4. 4.

    Rapaport (2014), Jabareen (2006).

  5. 5.

    James, Paul; with Magee, Liam; Scerri, Andy; Steger, Manfred B (2015). Urban Sustainability in Theory and Practice: Circles of Sustainability. London: Routledge.

  6. 6.

    http://vancouver.ca/green-vancouver.aspx.

  7. 7.

    http://vancouver.ca/files/cov/Greenest-city-action-plan.pdf.

  8. 8.

    http://vancouver.ca/green-vancouver.aspx.

  9. 9.

    http://sfenvironment.org/zero-waste/overview/zero-waste-by-2020.

  10. 10.

    http://sfenvironment.org/news?topic=details&ni=749.

  11. 11.

    http://sfenvironment.org/news?topic=details&ni=749.

  12. 12.

    http://www.cnet.com/news/san-francisco-introduces-free-solar-powered-electric-vehicle-charging/.

  13. 13.

    http://sfenvironment.org/news?topic=details&ni=749.

  14. 14.

    http://www.climateactionprogramme.org/climate-leader-papers/urban_ecology_in_oslo.

  15. 15.

    http://www.iclei-europe.org/fileadmin/templates/iclei-europe/files/content/Membership/MUTS/Oslo/Oslo_brochure.PDF.

  16. 16.

    http://www.ecomagination.com/top-five-most-sustainable-cities-in-the-world.

  17. 17.

    Ogorkiewicz and Falconer (2013).

  18. 18.

    Evans (2008), p.3; based on Adger (2006), Neil Adger, Arnell, and Tompkins (2005).

References

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria

    Ingrid Kaltenegger

  2. Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria

    Helen Santiago Fink

Authors
  1. Ingrid Kaltenegger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Helen Santiago Fink
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ingrid Kaltenegger .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kaltenegger, I., Santiago Fink, H. (2016). Vision of Cities: From the Green City to the Smart City. In: Integration of Nature and Technology for Smart Cities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25715-0_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25715-0_18

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-25713-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-25715-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)