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Genetic Diversity and Modern Plant Breeding

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Genetic Diversity and Erosion in Plants

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 7))

Abstract

Genome sequence data provide new capabilities to characterize genetic diversity across a comprehensive range of plant germplasm including breeding materials, modern cultivars, landraces, and wild and weedy ancestors. This sequence “language” allows breeders to monitor, help identify, and select for useful diversity thereby developing new improved varieties. Although much genetic diversity in wild ancestral species was not transferred into domesticated species, surprisingly high levels of diversity have been retained during the past century, a period of intensive selection for increased productivity. Diversity in modern varieties exhibits temporal flux associated with bottlenecks due to grain quality or specific introductions of germplasm. There is no evidence over many decades in the twentieth century of a narrowing of the genetic base. Diversity has increased in some crops due to conscious sourcing of landrace diversity. Finding useful diversity to provide successful genotype by environment (G × E) interaction remains both the essential challenge for plant breeders and an assurance that new genetic diversity must continue to be sourced in order to allow continued genetic gain in a dynamic agricultural environment. Plant breeders can never afford to be complacent about stewardship and use of genetic diversity. Trends of genetic diversity usage should be regularly monitored in breeding programs and in commercial agriculture.

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  1. DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, 1004, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA

    Stephen Smith, David Bubeck & Barry Nelson

  2. DuPont Pioneer, 8305 NW 62nd Avenue, 7060, Johnston, IA, 50131, USA

    Jason Stanek & Justin Gerke

Authors
  1. Stephen Smith
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  2. David Bubeck
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  3. Barry Nelson
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  4. Jason Stanek
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  5. Justin Gerke
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen Smith .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ex-Senior Forestry Consultant, Zobel Forestry Associates, New Paltz, New York, USA

    M. R. Ahuja

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    S. Mohan Jain

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© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Smith, S., Bubeck, D., Nelson, B., Stanek, J., Gerke, J. (2015). Genetic Diversity and Modern Plant Breeding. In: Ahuja, M., Jain, S. (eds) Genetic Diversity and Erosion in Plants. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 7. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25637-5_3

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