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Conductive Polymer Hydrogels

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Polymeric Hydrogels as Smart Biomaterials

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials ((SSPCM))

Abstract

Combining electrical properties with synthetic scaffolds such as hydrogels is an attractive approach for the design of the ideal synthetic soft tissue, one that mimics the architecture of the native extracellular matrix and provides the electronic functionality needed for cell–cell communication. Conducting polymers (CPs) are carbon-based polymers that are electronically active and consequently are being investigated as the structural material for fabrication of electroactive hydrogels. CPs are attractive in that they could be processed in various forms, their chemistry could be modified to introduce different functionalities and most important is their capability to conduct electrons. In this chapter, electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) fabricated from CP either as a single component or as an additive to conventional hydrogel networks are reviewed.

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Abbreviations

3D:

Three dimensional

AC:

Alternating current

ADH:

Adipoyl dihydrazide

APS:

Ammonium persulfate

BF:

Basic fuchsine

CCG:

Chemically converted graphene

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CP:

Conducting polymer

CTAB:

Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide

DC:

Direct current

DCC:

N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

DCI:

1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole

ECH:

Electroconductive hydrogel

Fmoc:

N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl

FP:

Phenylalanine

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

Gd3+ :

Gadolinium ion

GO:

Graphene oxide

hMSC:

Human mesenchymal stem cell

IC:

Inhibitory concentration

LMWG:

Low molecular weight gelator

MO:

Sodium 4-[4′-(dimethylamino)phenyldiazo] phenylsulfonate

PANI:

Poly(aniline)

PBS:

Phosphate buffer solution

PCLF:

Polycaprolactone fumarate

PEDOT:

Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PMDIG:

5,5′-(1,3,5,7-tetraoxopyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-2,6-diyl)diisophthalic acid

PPy:

Polypyrrole

POWT:

Poly(3-((S)-5-amino-5-carboxyl-3-oxapentyl)-2,5-thiophene) hydrochloride

PTAA:

Poly(3-thiophene acetic acid)

PTh:

Polythiophene

QCM:

Quartz crystal microbalance

rGO:

Reduced graphene oxide

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SWNT:

Single wall nanotube

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Acknowledgements

D.M. would like to acknowledge the Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship for financial support. G.G.W. acknowledges the support of an ARC Australian Laureate Fellowship.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

    Damia Mawad

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, 2052, Australia

    Damia Mawad

  3. Bioelectronics and Neuroscience (BENS) Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, 2751, Australia

    Antonio Lauto

  4. Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500, Australia

    Gordon G. Wallace

Authors
  1. Damia Mawad
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  2. Antonio Lauto
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  3. Gordon G. Wallace
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Damia Mawad .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, ACC Wing, Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Susheel Kalia

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Mawad, D., Lauto, A., Wallace, G.G. (2016). Conductive Polymer Hydrogels. In: Kalia, S. (eds) Polymeric Hydrogels as Smart Biomaterials. Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25322-0_2

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