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R and the ISO Standards for Quality Control

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Part of the Use R! book series (USE R)

Abstract

This chapter details the way ISO international standards for quality control are developed. Quality Control starts with Quality, and standardization is crucial to deliver products and services where quality satisfies final users, whatever they are customers, organizations, or public bodies. The development process, carried out by Technical Committees (TCs), entails a kind of path until the standard is finally adopted, including several types of intermediate deliverables. The work of such TCs is outlined along with the general structure of ISO, and with a focus on the TC in charge of statistical methods. Finally, the current and potential role that R can play, not only as statistical software, but also as programming language, is shown.

Keywords

  • Control Chart
  • Technical Committee
  • Quality Management System
  • Statistical Interpretation
  • National Body

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Check the up-to-date list at http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about/iso_members.htm.

  2. 2.

    Frank Kaplan, see http://asq.org/about-asq/who-we-are/bio_box.html.

  3. 3.

    http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/quality.

  4. 4.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_(business).

  5. 5.

    For example, ISO 14000—Environmental management.

  6. 6.

    http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards.htm.

  7. 7.

    Sometimes also in Russian.

  8. 8.

    Check http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=560992&development=on.

  9. 9.

    http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=45202&published=on.

  10. 10.

    There is an RSS channel for each standard, but the abstract is not there.

  11. 11.

    The grep function uses regular expressions to match text info.

  12. 12.

    The syntax package::function avoids conflict with other packages’ functions with the same name.

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  12. ISO TC69/SC1–Terminology and Symbols: ISO 3534-1:2006 - Statistics – Vocabulary and symbols – Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40145

  13. ISO TC69/SC1–Terminology and Symbols: ISO 3534-3:2013 - Statistics – Vocabulary and symbols – Part 3: Design of experiments. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44245

  14. ISO TC69/SC1–Terminology and Symbols: ISO 3534-2:2006 - Statistics – Vocabulary and symbols – Part 2: Applied statistics. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40147

  15. ISO TC69/SC1–Terminology and Symbols: ISO 3534-4:2014 - Statistics – Vocabulary and symbols – Part 4: Survey sampling. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=56154

  16. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 22514-3:2008 - Statistical methods in process management – Capability and performance – Part 3: Machine performance studies for measured data on discrete parts. Published standard (2011). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46531

  17. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 7870-4:2011 - Control charts – Part 4: Cumulative sum charts. Published standard (2011). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40176

  18. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 11462-1:2001 - Guidelines for implementation of statistical process control (SPC) – Part 1: Elements of SPC. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=33381

  19. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 22514-7:2012 - Statistical methods in process management – Capability and performance – Part 7: Capability of measurement processes. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=54077

  20. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 7870-3: 2012 - Control charts – Part 3: Acceptance control charts. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40175

  21. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 22514-2:2013 - Statistical methods in process management – Capability and performance – Part 2: Process capability and performance of time-dependent process models. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46530

  22. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 22514-6:2013 - Statistical methods in process management – Capability and performance – Part 6: Process capability statistics for characteristics following a multivariate normal distribution. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=52962

  23. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 7870-2:2013 - Control charts – Part 2: Shewhart control charts. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40174

  24. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO/TR 22514-4:2007 - Statistical methods in process management – Capability and performance – Part 4: Process capability estimates and performance measures. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46532

  25. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 22514-1:2014 - Statistical methods in process management – Capability and performance – Part 1: General principles and concepts. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=64135

  26. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 22514-8:2014 - Statistical methods in process management – Capability and performance – Part 8: Machine performance of a multi-state production process. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=61630

  27. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 7870-1:2014 - Control charts – Part 1: General guidelines. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=62649

  28. ISO TC69/SC4–Applications of statistical methods in process management: ISO 7870-5:2014 - Control charts – Part 5: Specialized control charts. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40177

  29. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 2859-4:2002 - Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 4: Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=36164

  30. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 3951-3:2007 - Sampling procedures for inspection by variables – Part 3: Double sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=40556

  31. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 2859-1:1999/Amd 1:2011. Published standard (2011). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=53053

  32. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 28801:2011 - Double sampling plans by attributes with minimal sample sizes, indexed by producer’s risk quality (PRQ) and consumer’s risk quality (CRQ). Published standard (2011). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44963

  33. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 3951-4:2011 - Sampling procedures for inspection by variables – Part 4: Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels. Published standard (2011). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44806

  34. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 13448-1:2005 - Acceptance sampling procedures based on the allocation of priorities principle (APP) – Part 1: Guidelines for the APP approach. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37429

  35. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 3951-1:2013 - Sampling procedures for inspection by variables – Part 1: Specification for single sampling plans indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection for a single quality characteristic and a single AQL. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=57490

  36. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 3951-2:2013 - Sampling procedures for inspection by variables – Part 2: General specification for single sampling plans indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection of independent quality characteristics. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=57491

  37. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 13448-2:2004 - Acceptance sampling procedures based on the allocation of priorities principle (APP) – Part 2: Coordinated single sampling plans for acceptance sampling by attributes. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37430

  38. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 14560:2004 - Acceptance sampling procedures by attributes – Specified quality levels in nonconforming items per million. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37869

  39. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 18414:2006 - Acceptance sampling procedures by attributes – Accept-zero sampling system based on credit principle for controlling outgoing quality. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38684

  40. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 21247:2005 - Combined accept-zero sampling systems and process control procedures for product acceptance. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=34445

  41. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 2859-10:2006 - Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 10: Introduction to the ISO 2859 series of standards for sampling for inspection by attributes. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39991

  42. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 2859-1:1999 - Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=1141

  43. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 2859-3:2005 - Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 3: Skip-lot sampling procedures. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=34684

  44. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 2859-5:2005 - Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes – Part 5: System of sequential sampling plans indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39295

  45. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 3951-5:2006 - Sampling procedures for inspection by variables – Part 5: Sequential sampling plans indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for inspection by variables (known standard deviation). Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39294

  46. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 8422:2006 - Sequential sampling plans for inspection by attributes. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=39915

  47. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 8423:2008 - Sequential sampling plans for inspection by variables for percent nonconforming (known standard deviation). Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41992

  48. ISO TC69/SC5–Acceptance sampling: ISO 24153:2009 - Random sampling and randomization procedures. Published standard (2015). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=42039

  49. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 10725:2000 - Acceptance sampling plans and procedures for the inspection of bulk materials. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=33418

  50. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11843-2:2000 - Capability of detection – Part 2: Methodology in the linear calibration case. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=20186

  51. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 21748:2010 - Guidance for the use of repeatability, reproducibility and trueness estimates in measurement uncertainty estimation. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=46373

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  53. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11843-5:2008 - Capability of detection – Part 5: Methodology in the linear and non-linear calibration cases. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=42000

  54. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 5725-1:1994 - Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results – Part 1: General principles and definitions. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=11833

  55. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 5725-6:1994 - Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results – Part 6: Use in practice of accuracy values. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=11837

  56. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO/TR 13587:2012 - Three statistical approaches for the assessment and interpretation of measurement uncertainty. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=54052

  57. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11843-6:2013 - Capability of detection – Part 6: Methodology for the determination of the critical value and the minimum detectable value in Poisson distributed measurements by normal approximations. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=53677

  58. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 5725-2:1994 - Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results – Part 2: Basic method for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=11834

  59. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 5725-3:1994 - Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results – Part 3: Intermediate measures of the precision of a standard measurement method. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=11835

  60. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 5725-4:1994 - Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results – Part 4: Basic methods for the determination of the trueness of a standard measurement method. Published standard (2013). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=11836

  61. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 10576-1:2003 - Statistical methods – Guidelines for the evaluation of conformity with specified requirements – Part 1: General principles. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32373

  62. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11095:1996 - Linear calibration using reference materials. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=1060

  63. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11648-1:2003 - Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials – Part 1: General principles. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=33484

  64. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11843-1:1997 - Capability of detection – Part 1: Terms and definitions. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=1096

  65. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11843-3:2003 - Capability of detection – Part 3: Methodology for determination of the critical value for the response variable when no calibration data are used. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=34410

  66. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11843-4:2003 - Capability of detection – Part 4: Methodology for comparing the minimum detectable value with a given value. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=34411

  67. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 11843-7:2012 - Capability of detection – Part 7: Methodology based on stochastic properties of instrumental noise. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=53678

  68. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO 5725-5:1998 - Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results – Part 5: Alternative methods for the determination of the precision of a standard measurement method. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=1384

  69. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO/TS 28037:2010 - Determination and use of straight-line calibration functions. Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44473

  70. ISO TC69/SC6–Measurement methods and results: ISO/TS 21749:2005 - Measurement uncertainty for metrological applications – Repeated measurements and nested experiments. Published standard (2015). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=34687

  71. ISO TC69/SC7–Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma: ISO/TR 29901:2007 - Selected illustrations of full factorial experiments with four factors. Published standard (2007). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=45731

  72. ISO TC69/SC7–Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma: ISO/TR 29901:2007/Cor 1:2009. Published standard (2009). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=54056

  73. ISO TC69/SC7–Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma: ISO/TR 12845:2010 - Selected illustrations of fractional factorial screening experiments. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51963

  74. ISO TC69/SC7–Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma: ISO/TR 14468:2010 - Selected illustrations of attribute agreement analysis. Published standard (2010). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=52900

  75. ISO TC69/SC7–Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma: ISO 13053-1:2011 - Quantitative methods in process improvement – Six Sigma – Part 1: DMAIC methodology. Published standard (2011). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=52901

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  77. ISO TC69/SC7–Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma: ISO/TR 12888:2011 - Selected illustrations of gauge repeatability and reproducibility studies. Published standard (2011). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=52899

  78. ISO TC69/SC7–Applications of statistical and related techniques for the implementation of Six Sigma: ISO 17258:2015 - Statistical methods – Six Sigma – Basic criteria underlying benchmarking for Six Sigma in organisations. Published standard (2015). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=59489

  79. ISO TC69/SC8–Application of statistical and related methodology for new technology and product development: ISO 16336:2014 - Applications of statistical and related methods to new technology and product development process – Robust parameter design (RPD). Published standard (2014). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=56183

  80. ISO TC69/SCS–Secretariat: ISO 11453:1996/Cor 1:1999. Published standard (1999). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32469

  81. ISO TC69/SCS–Secretariat: ISO/TR 18532:2009 - Guidance on the application of statistical methods to quality and to industrial standardization. Published standard (2009). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51651

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  83. ISO TC69/SCS–Secretariat: ISO 11453:1996 - Statistical interpretation of data – Tests and confidence intervals relating to proportions. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=19405

  84. ISO TC69/SCS–Secretariat: ISO 16269-7:2001 - Statistical interpretation of data – Part 7: Median – Estimation and confidence intervals. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=30709

  85. ISO TC69/SCS–Secretariat: ISO 5479:1997 - Statistical interpretation of data – Tests for departure from the normal distribution. Published standard (2012). http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22506

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Cano, E.L., Moguerza, J.M., Corcoba, M.P. (2015). R and the ISO Standards for Quality Control. In: Quality Control with R. Use R!. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24046-6_4

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