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Role of the Compressibility of Water and of Nonlinear Effects in the Formation of Tsunami Waves

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Physics of Tsunamis

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Abstract

The necessity is substantiated for taking into account the compressibility of water in describing behavior of water column in tsunami source. Within the framework of linear potential theory of a compressible liquid in a basin of fixed depth, the general analytical solution is constructed for 2D and quasi-3D (cylindrical symmetry) problems of the generation of acoustic-gravity waves by bottom deformations of small amplitudes. Manifestations of compressibility of the water column in the problem of tsunami generation are studied, making use of the example of model bottom deformation laws (piston, membrane, and running displacements). The main difference between the behavior of a compressible water column as compared to an incompressible model medium is shown to consist in the formation of elastic oscillations exhibiting significant amplitudes and a discrete spectrum. Characteristic features of the dynamics of acoustic-gravity waves in a basin of variable depth are described. Records of ocean bottom pressure gauges and seismometers are used for analyzing manifestations of the 2003 Tokachi-Oki and the 2011 Tohoku-Oki tsunamigenic earthquakes. The mechanism is considered of tsunami formation, related to nonlinear energy transfer from “high-frequency” forced or elastic oscillations of the water column to “low-frequency” gravitational waves.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Russian Academy of Sciences, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia

    Boris W. Levin

  2. Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    Mikhail A. Nosov

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  1. Boris W. Levin
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Levin, B.W., Nosov, M.A. (2016). Role of the Compressibility of Water and of Nonlinear Effects in the Formation of Tsunami Waves. In: Physics of Tsunamis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24037-4_4

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