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Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Facility Management (FM)

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Knowledge Management and Information Tools for Building Maintenance and Facility Management

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to introduce the main aspects and needs of the relation between the Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology and the Facility Management (FM) sector. In fact FM activities, which nowadays are negatively influenced by the fragmentation within the construction industry and the inadequate information exchange between Project Lifecycle Phases (PLPs), can be improved and addressed by the synchronized and collaborative nature of BIM which works as a lifecycle and interdisciplinary 3D data store. Although benefits of an efficient knowledge and process management by using BIM to support FM activities, the adoption of this new methodology for asset management and facility maintenance has been overlooked for a while. Nevertheless, recently the BIM potentiality to overcome the traditional uncertainty in the information management of the built environment and to improve deficient documentation prevalent in existing buildings has boosted the research focus towards this direction. In particular many research groups are working at defining the information requirement of BIM objects as useful for FM activities.

This chapter is authored by Marcella Bonanomi.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    See the European Regulation No 305/2011 and the European Directive No 24/2014.

  2. 2.

    Archibus is an Information System which is a worldwide market leader in the field of CAFM software. It is divided in 9 modules, each of them focused on a specific FM activity: Real Estate Portfolio Management, Capital Project Management, Space Planning and Management, Move Management, Asset Management, Environmental and Risk Management, Building Operations, Workplace Services, Technology Extensions.

  3. 3.

    The so called “BIG BIM” approach proposed by Jernigan [9] which refers to BIM both as the data-enriched 3D model and the methodological framework which has been adopted to develop it.

  4. 4.

    The Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) was devised by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 2007 as a data standard able to store and deliver building information in a usable format for everyone throughout all the PLPs. COBie is being widely promoted as a highly effective data schema enabling integration between BIM platforms and CAFM systems. In fact, this schema allows the team to document their knowledge about a building asset in both its spatial and physical aspects.

  5. 5.

    The Facilities Information System Archibus has recently developed a plug-in in collaboration with the software house Autodesk to make possible bidirectional data exchange with the BIM software Revit.

  6. 6.

    COBie has been adopted by the UK Government as the official data format enabling information exchange between different LC stages. It is the information base for the United Kingdom’s Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation.

  7. 7.

    COBie Tables: Instruction, Contact, Facility, Floor, Space, Zone, Type, Component, System, Assembly, Connection, Spare, Resource, Job, Impact, Document, Attribute, Coordinate, Issue, Picklists.

  8. 8.

    Archibus has recently developed a plug-in in collaboration with Autodesk to make possible bidirectional information exchange with the BIM software Revit.

  9. 9.

    The NBS BIM Object Standard has been assumed by the NBS BIM Library as the official data standard according which all the BIM objects downloadable from the library are implemented.

  10. 10.

    The UK Government has defined a “Construction Strategy” asking for the use of Building Information Modeling with a Maturity BIM Level 2 for public sector projects by 2016. The UK Government has recognized that the process of moving the construction industry to a full collaborative environment will be progressive, with distinct and recognizable milestones being defined within that process, in the form of three levels. Collaboration at BIM Level 2 is file-based as opposed to paper-based (BIM Level 0) or through integrated web services (Level 3).

  11. 11.

    The National Building Specification is part of RIBA Enterprises Ltd, which is wholly owned by the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA). It is committed to define specification products and information solutions which cover building construction, engineering services and landscape design.

  12. 12.

    According to the PAS 1192-2:2013, a common data environment is a single source of information for any given project used to collect, manage and disseminate all relevant approved project documents for multi-disciplinary teams in a managed process.

  13. 13.

    The Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema, which has been developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI), now BuildingSMART International, represents a data model structure for sharing construction and facility management data across various applications (tools and software) used in the building domain. It is a neutral and open specification that is not controlled by a singular vendor or group of vendors [28].

  14. 14.

    The Chartered Institution of Building Service Engineers is an International professional engineering association based in London representing building services engineers. It is a full member of the Construction Industry Council (CIC) and it is consulted by the government on matters concerning construction, engineering and sustainability.

  15. 15.

    The filling out of the PDTs from products manufacturers is the final goal strongly promoted by the CIBSE.

  16. 16.

    The manufacturer owns the PDS and is free to use it on its website and in any library it chooses. The manufacturer remains responsible for the accuracy and completeness of its data on the PDS.

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Standards and Laws

  1. British Standards Institution (BSI) PAS 1192-3:2014, “Specification for Information management for the operational phase of assets using building information modelling”, March 2014

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  2. British Standards Institution (BSI) PAS 1192-2, “Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using Building Information Modelling”, February 2013

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Websites

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  7. http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/specifications/ifc-overview

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (ABC), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Marcella Bonanomi

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  1. Marcella Bonanomi
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Correspondence to Marcella Bonanomi .

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Bonanomi, M. (2016). Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Facility Management (FM). In: Knowledge Management and Information Tools for Building Maintenance and Facility Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23959-0_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23959-0_6

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23959-0

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