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Sorption Values for Chlorine and Iodine

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Radionuclide and Metal Sorption on Cement and Concrete

Part of the book series: Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ((TSRQ,volume 9999))

Abstract

This chapter addresses the behaviour of halside anions in cementitious environments. In any typical aqueous environmental setting, chlorine exists exclusively in the form of chloride (Cl−). Inorganic iodine may be present as iodate (IO3 −) and iodide (I−), with the latter being typical for cementitious environments. Radioactive isotopes of both elements (36Cl, 125I, 131I, 129I) are relevant constituents of different types of radioactive waste. The most influential factor on sorption values for radioactive chloride is aqueous total chloride concentration, including stable chloride present in cement solid phases and infiltrating water. All available studies indicate a decrease of chloride sorption with increasing total chloride (stable chloride and 36Cl) aqueous concentration. Close examination of available data indicates different chloride behaviour within two distinct concentration ranges, namely the predominance of surface versus incorporation processes. At aqueous chloride concentrations well below millimolal level, the magnitude of Cl sorption can be directly related to the surface charge of CSH phases. At higher total Cl concentrations, 36Cl behaviour is probably controlled by the formation of Friedel’s salt (a chloride-containing calcium aluminate hydrate) or solid solution formation with alumino-sulphate phases. Isotopic dilution may also play a role in these cases. Data obtained for dilute suspensions show that the behaviour of iodide is analogous to that of chloride in qualitative terms. A comparison with data for intact hydrated cement paste suggests that the solid/liquid ratio has a significant effect in case of iodide, but not in case of chloride. Until this issue is resolved, data from dilute systems should not be used for quantifying iodide sorption.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The solid/liquid ratio for a concrete block with density 2.3 kg/L, porosity = 0.1, and a fraction of hardened cement paste of 0.19 is 4.37.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BMG Engineering Ltd, Schlieren, Switzerland

    Michael Ochs

  2. CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Dirk Mallants & Lian Wang

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  1. Michael Ochs
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  2. Dirk Mallants
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Ochs, M., Mallants, D., Wang, L. (2016). Sorption Values for Chlorine and Iodine. In: Radionuclide and Metal Sorption on Cement and Concrete. Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, vol 9999. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23651-3_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23651-3_3

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