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Beneficial Microorganisms in Medical and Health Applications pp 73–100Cite as

The Role of Integrated Omics in Elucidating the Gut Microbiota Health Potentials

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Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 28))

Abstract

In recent years, DNA sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies have advanced greatly, enabling the collection of more information on the gut microbiome and its metabolome in order to assess the influence of the gut microbiota on human health at a whole-system level. As the gut microbiota has been likened to a functional and measurable organ consisting of prokaryotic cells, which creates the unique gut ecosystem together with the host eukaryotic cells, metagenome and metabolome technologies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota contributes to host overall health status to a great extent. In this chapter, the detailed relationships between gut microbiota and its metabolites like choline, phenols, bile acids and short-chain fatty acids in host health and etiopathogenesis of various metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and extraintestinal diseases like multiple sclerosis, chronic kidney disease and autism will be discussed. In addition, therapeutic interventions like probiotic and prebiotic administrations and faecal microbiota transplantations which are recently used in dysbiosis restoration will be reviewed. This unique biology-wide approach of integrating metagenome and metabolome information would aid in the better understanding of the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and host metabolism. We believe that this novel integration of the microbiome, metatranscriptome and metabolome information will lay the way towards an improved holistic understanding of the complex mammalian superorganism. This modelling of the metabolic interactions between lifestyle, dietary habits and the gut microbiota, otherwise known as the “integrated omics-based understanding of the gut ecosystem”, will culminate in the comprehensive interpretation of the role and impact of microbial health potentials, thereby providing exciting novel therapeutic approaches for optimal host health.

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  1. Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 246-2 Mizukami, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan

    Wanping Aw & Shinji Fukuda

  2. RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan

    Shinji Fukuda

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  1. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Industrial Technology, Penang, Malaysia

    Min-Tze Liong

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Aw, W., Fukuda, S. (2015). The Role of Integrated Omics in Elucidating the Gut Microbiota Health Potentials. In: Liong, MT. (eds) Beneficial Microorganisms in Medical and Health Applications. Microbiology Monographs, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23213-3_4

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