Abstract
Hemorrhoidal disease is a common condition with a multitude of presenting symptoms and varied treatment options. A careful examination to exclude other more serious conditions is often needed. Treatment options should be tailored based upon each patient’s individual complaint and comorbid medical conditions. A proper understanding of the anorectal anatomy and sound surgical technique will ensure good outcomes with very few complications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Eltesmore S, Windsor AC. Surgical history of haemorrhoids. In: Kubchandani I, Paonessa N, Khawaja A, editors. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. 2nd ed. London: Springer; 2009. p. 1–4.
Sanchez C, Chinn BT. Hemorrhoids. In: Clinics in colon and rectal surgery. New York: Thieme; 2011. 24(1): 5–13
Trion PH. Anatomy and physiology of the anorectum. In: Fazio VW, Church JM, Delaney CP, editors. Current therapy in colon and rectal surgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Mosby; 2005. p. 1–4.
Milligan ETC, Morgan CN, Jones LE, Officer R. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal and the operative treatment of haemorrhoids. Lancet 1937 ii. 1119–24
Lee HIT, Spencer RJ, Beart Jr RW. Multiple hemorrhoidal bandings in a single session. Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37(1):37–41.
Sim AJ, Murie JA, Mackenzie I. Three year follow-up study on the treatment of first and second degree hemorrhoids by sclerosing injection or rubber band ligation. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1983;157(6):534–6.
Johanson JF, Rimm A. Optimal nonsurgical treatment of hemorrhoids: a comparative analysis of infrared coagulation, rubber band ligation, and injection sclerotherapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87(11):1600–6.
Milligan ETC, Morgan CN, Jones LE, Officer R. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal and the operative treatment of haemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 1985;28:620–8.
Khan S, Pawlak SE, Eggenberger JC, et al. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids: prospective, randomized trial comparing closed excisional hemorrhoidectomy and the Harmonic Scalpel technique of excisional hemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44(6):845–9.
Conaghan P, Farouk R. Doppler-guided hemorrhoid artery ligation reduces the need for conventional hemorrhoid surgery in patients who fail rubber hand ligation treatment. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52(1):127–30.
Maykel, JA. Hemorrhoids. In: Seminars in colon and rectal surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2013. 24(2).
Cintron JR, Abcarian H. Benign anorectal: hemorrhoids. In: The ASCRS textbook of colon and rectal surgery. New York: Springer; 2007. p. 156–77.
Fleshman J, Madoff R. Hemorrhoids. In: Cameron J, editor. Current surgical therapy. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2004. p. 245–52.
Wexner SD, Smithy WB, Milsom JW, Dailey TH. The surgical management of anorectal diseases in AIDS and pre-AIDS patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 1986;29(11):719–23.
Chen HEI, Wang JY, Changchien CR, et al. Risk factors associated with post-hemorrhoidectomy secondary hemorrhage: a single institution prospective study of 4880 consecutive closed hemorrhoidectomies. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:1096–9.
Suggested Readings
Haas PA, Johanson JF, Sonnenberg A. The prevalence of confusion in the definition of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35(3):290–1.
Berenstein WC. What are hemorrhoids and what is their relationship to the portal system? Dis Colon Rectum. 1983;26:829–34.
Rato C, Donisi L, Parello A, Litta F, Doglietto GB. Evaluation of transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach to hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53(5):803–11.
Chung YC, Wu HJ. Clinical experience of suture-less closed hemorrhoidectomy with LigaSure. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(1):87–92.
Shafik A. Surgical anatomy of hemorrhoids. In: Kubchandani I, Paonessa N, Khawaja A, editors. Surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. 2nd ed. London: Springer; 2009. p. 7–13.
Aigner F, Gruber H, Conrad F, et al. Revised morphology and hemodynamics of the anorectal vascular plexus: impact on the course of hemorrhoidal disease. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2009;24(1):105–13.
Bayer I, Myslovaty B, Picovsky BM. Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids. Convenient and economic treatment. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996;23(1):50–2.
MacRae ITM, McLeod RS. Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatments: a meta-analysis. Can J Surg. 1997;40(1):14–7.
Bleday R, Pena JP, Rothenberger DA, Goldberg SM, Buis JG. Symptomatic hemorrhoids: current incidence and complications of operative therapy. Dis Colon Rectum. 1992;35(5):477–81.
Sneider EB, Maykel JA. Diagnosis and management of symptomatic hemorrhoids. Surg Clin North Am. 2010;90(1):17–32.
Dietrich III CS, Hill CC, Hueman M. Surgical diseases presenting in pregnancy. Surg Clin North Am. 2008;88(2):403–19. vii-viii.
Hoff SD, Bailey HR, Butts DR, et al. Ambulatory surgical hemorrhoidectomy--a solution to postoperative urinary retention? Dis Colon Rectum. 1994;37(12):1242–4.
Beck D. Hemorrhoidal disease. In: Beck DE, Wexner SD, editors. Fundamentals of anorectal surgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001. p. 236–52.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Coughlin, O., Page, M. (2016). Hemorrhoids: Anatomy, Physiology, Concerns, and Treatments. In: Zutshi, M. (eds) Anorectal Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23147-1_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23147-1_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-23146-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-23147-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)