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The North Patagonian Orogen: Meso-Cenozoic Evolution from the Andes to the Foreland Area

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Growth of the Southern Andes

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Abstract

In the last decades, an important amount of studies have dealt with the Patagonian orogen evolution. However, a holistic approach on the evolution of this sector has not been addressed yet. A review of recent advances in different aspects of the Patagonian orogen and its related broken foreland system reveals a close relation between the evolution of both sectors. This enabled us to integrate them in an evolutionary model connecting tectonic events from the North Patagonian Andes to the broken foreland area throughout the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. During the breakup of Western Gondwana, beginning in Jurassic times, several extensional basins developed in the Patagonian region. In late Early Cretaceous to Paleocene, a switch in the tectonic regime caused the initial uplift of the North Patagonian Andes and the fragmentation of the foreland area. Synchronously, an eastward magmatic arc expansion is documented at the retroarc zone. At this moment, a series of mid-ocean ridges collided one after another against the Patagonian margin. A causative relation between young lithosphere subduction , slab shallowing , orogenesis and eruption of mafic magmatism at the arc and retroarc region has been proposed. In concert to regional compression , synorogenic foreland rifting occurred transversally to the main Andean trend in the San Jorge Gulf Basin , describing an exceptional setting for this type of rifting mechanism. From the Eocene to early Miocene, a westward retraction of the magmatic arc, possibly related to roll-back , was synchronous to the Traiguen Basin, formed over highly attenuated crust that splitted the arc and forearc areas. To the east, extensive intraplate magmatism began in the Patagonian foreland covering partially the broken foreland orogen. During the Neogene, an acceleration of the convergence rate between Nazca and South American plate s caused the renewal of Patagonian Andes uplift and reactivation of the broken foreland system . Patagonian orogenesis along with the Late Cenozoic global cooling event triggered aridization of the foreland zone, having dramatic consequences for the Patagonian fauna and flora.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber” UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Guido Gianni, Andrés Folguera & Andrés Echaurren

  2. Dpto. de Geología, F.C.N., Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia “San Juan Bosco”. YPF, Santo Domingo, Argentina

    César Navarrete

  3. Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile

    Alfonso Encinas

Authors
  1. Guido Gianni
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  2. Andrés Folguera
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  3. César Navarrete
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  4. Alfonso Encinas
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  5. Andrés Echaurren
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Correspondence to Guido Gianni .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo, Groeber”, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo, Groeber”, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Andrés Folguera

  2. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, FCEN - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber” and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Maximiliano Naipauer

  3. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, FCEN - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber” and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Lucía Sagripanti

  4. Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, FCEN - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios Andinos “Don Pablo Groeber” and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Matías C. Ghiglione

  5. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro - CONI, Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiolo Universidad Nacional de Río Negro - CONI, General Roca (Río Negro), Argentina

    Darío L. Orts

  6. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, IANIGLA, CCT Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina

    Laura Giambiagi

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Gianni, G., Folguera, A., Navarrete, C., Encinas, A., Echaurren, A. (2016). The North Patagonian Orogen: Meso-Cenozoic Evolution from the Andes to the Foreland Area. In: Folguera, A., Naipauer, M., Sagripanti, L., C. Ghiglione, M., Orts, D., Giambiagi, L. (eds) Growth of the Southern Andes. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23060-3_9

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