Abstract
Currently, we recognize two major separate molecular pathways in urothelial carcinogenesis, each leading to neoplasms with distinct morphology and biologic behavior. The more common pathway, the hyperplasia pathway is characterized by FGFR3 mutations, low-grade papillary morphology, relatively high recurrence rate, but very low incidence of progression to invasive disease. The less common pathway, the dysplasia pathway, results in high-grade flat or papillary tumors that have a high potential for muscle invasion and metastases. The main goal of urinary tract cytology is the detection of urothelial neoplasms that have a high risk for invasion and metastasis; therefore, the main focus of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology is the detection of clinically significant urothelial neoplasia, namely high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC).
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Wojcik, E.M., Pambuccian, S.E. (2016). Pathogenesis of Urothelial Carcinoma. In: Rosenthal, D., Wojcik, E., Kurtycz, D. (eds) The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22864-8_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22864-8_1
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